Physics for Graduation Credit

1. Physics for Graduation Credit Drew Isola Allegan High School disola@alleganps.org Bob Poel Western Michigan University bob.poel@wmich.edu

2. Michigan’s Graduation Requirements • ALL students must have 1 credit of Physics (or Chemistry) to graduate • Must ‘cover’ all of the Physics HSSCE’s (the capital letters and the lower case) • This means we must develop a physics course where ALL students can be successful • and use teaching methods that will allow ALL students to be successful

3. Now What? • Seems to be lots of confusion over what has to be taught and what doesn’t have to be taught • Does this mean I have to “dumb down” my physics course? • Should we have our lower level students do chemistry or physics? • How can I teach physics to ALL students when they have such poor math skills?

4. P4GC Course Breakdown • Experimental Design • Describing Motion • Forces & Motion • Ramps & Projectiles • Gravity, Circular Motion & Orbits • Changes in Momentum

5. P4GC Course Breakdown (cont’d) • Mechanical Energy • Mechanical Waves • EM Waves • Electric Forces & Interactions • Electric Current • Energy Transfer & Transformations

6. Thinking like a scientist Line graphs & Motion Diagrams Constant velocity Constant acceleration d=½at2 , d=v/t a=vf – vi t The Scientific Method Non-constant acceleration Vector notation Probably don’t need: Units 1 & 2Should teach …don’t have to teach

7. Not This 20 m, 45 deg. + 25 m, 300 deg. + 15 m, 210 deg. SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

8. Newton’s Laws F = ma Linear motion Weight Net Force Force diagrams Types of forces Contact Non-contact Multiple forces involving Sin & Cos Pulleys, Tension, Atwoods Machine Pressure!! Bouyancy Unit 3Should teach …don’t have to teach

9. Ramps Draw forces to scale P3.2d says “calculate”, doesn’t say how Could use graph paper and measurement PhET Simulation Unit 4Should teach …don’t have to teach

10. Projectiles - P2.2g & P3.4e Use basic equations Vertically y=½gt2 vf = vi + gt Horizontally x= vt Draw path on graph paper and use measurement Horizontal motion with constant vertical force Unit 4Should teach …don’t have to teach vix = vi•cos(θ) viy = vi•sin(θ)

11. Newton’s Law of Gravitation Centripetal Force Apply both to orbits Draw orbits and circular motion with force vectors Special case where force is always perpendicular to motion Rotational Motion Φ ω α Torque Angular Momentum Kepler’s Laws Center of Mass Moment of Inertia Unit 5Should teach …don’t have to teach

12. 3 equations that describe collisions Impulse = change in momentum (Ft=mΔv) Total momentum before = total momentum after Don’t forget the negative!! Total KE before is <,=,or> Total KE after p=mv, KE=½mv2 Unit 6Should teach …don’t have to teach

13. Work done on an object is the change in its KE, GPE (mgΔh) and/or EPE Examples of GPE changing into KE and/or EPE and back again Bungee jumper, roller coaster, pendulum W=Fd only works in special situations Rotational KE Escape velocity U=0 when r=∞ Work done by a variable force W=Fd(cos θ) Power isn’t in the HSSCE’s but I teach it anyway Simple Machines & efficiency Unit 7Should teach …don’t have to teach

14. Wave types and characteristics Sound, water, slinky, seismic waves Recognizing periodic motion v=fλ Examples of wave interference Inverse square law P4.4e OMG…IDK Harmonics Resonance Nodes & anti-nodes Equations of periodic motion The Doppler Effect Unit 8Should teach …don’t have to teach

15. EM Spectrum Source of all EM waves is vibrating charges EM wave technologies Ray behavior of light Mirrors Lenses Snell’s Law Reflection, transmission, absorption Color addition and subtraction of light (but I teach it anyway because it’s fun!!) Single & double slit diffraction Polarization Critical angle Unit 9Should teach …don’t have to teach

16. Charge distribution drawings Build an electrophorus Coulomb’s Law Moving charges and moving magnets Motors and generators Not more than 2 charges using Coulombs Law Electric fields Electric field lines Equipotential lines Unit 10Should teach …don’t have to teach

17. Simple DC circuits Open Closed Series Parallel Volts, Amps, Ohms, Watts, kWh Energy transformation by electrical devices Electric bills Capacitors Kirchhoff’s Laws Equivalent resistance Combinations of series & parallel AC circuits RC and RL circuits Unit 11Should teach …don’t have to teach

18. Forms of energy Energy transformations Energy conservation Energy transfer diagrams E=mc2 Nuclear fission, fusion & radioactivity Very little thermodynamics (P4.11a, P4.11b) Magnetic fields Relativity Quantum physics What else did I forget not to teach? Unit 12Should teach …don’t have to teach

19. Physics for Graduation Credit Drew Isola Allegan High School disola@alleganps.org Bob Poel Western Michigan University bob.poel@wmich.edu