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Lawrence Venuti. Venuti , Lawrence (1995a) The Translator’s Invisibility , London & New York: Routledge . Venuti , Lawrence (1998) The Scandals of Translation. Towards an Ethics of Difference , London & New York: Routledge
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Lawrence Venuti Venuti, Lawrence (1995a) The Translator’s Invisibility, London & New York: Routledge. Venuti, Lawrence (1998) The Scandals of Translation. Towards an Ethics of Difference, London & New York: Routledge Venuti, Lawrence (2000) ‘Translation, Community, Utopia’, in Lawrence Venuti (ed.) The Translation Studies Reader, London & New York: Routledge, 468-488
Venuti’s setting • Translation into English • Literary texts past and present • ‘Anglo-American culture’ • Himself: American Italian translator & academic
Reasons for emphasis on literary translation Literary translation has long set the standard applied in technical translation (viz. fluency) It has traditionally been the field where innovative theories and practices emerge Decision to domesticate or foreignize allowed only to literary translators, because technical translation is fundamentally constrained by the exigencies/pressures of communication
Unequal power relations (i) Translation flows 2.4% of British book production 2.96% of American book production 8-12% of French book production 14.4% of German book production 25.4% of Italian book production …but flaw in argument (need to consider raw figures)
Unequal power relations (ii) • Choice of what is translated • Stereotypes, or canonical • No strong data study
Assessmentof Venuti’s model See Pym, A. (1996) ‘Venuti’s Visibility’, Target 8(2): 165-177. (+) • Translatorsasreal people in politicalsituations, relatedtotheirsocieties (socio-cultural contexts – cfr Toury) • Quantitative aspectsoftranslationpolicies (-) • No specific methodology to apply to the analysis of translation – case studies including a number of approaches • Issues raised (domesticating / foreignizing / translator’s invisibility/power of publishers, etc) can be investigated in a variety of ways