Lead in General Industry

1. Lead in General Industry

2. Applicability • The regulation on lead applies to all occupational exposure to lead, except for the construction industry and agricultural operations 1a

3. Applicability • Definitions • Lead • Action level • Permissible exposure limit 1b

4. Processes that use lead Exposure to lead occurs in at least 120 different occupations including: • Primary and secondary lead smelting • Lead storage battery manufacturing 2a

5. Processes that use lead • Lead pigment manufacturing and use • Solder manufacturing and use • Shipbuilding/repairing 2b

6. Processes that use lead • Auto manufacturing • Printing 2c

7. Exposure monitoring • Initial monitoring • Required when lead is present in any quantity • Monitor a representative number of employees • The sample must be collected for one full shift for at least 7 hours 3a

8. Exposure monitoring • Initial monitoring • Sample must be representative of a regular, daily exposure • Sample represents an exposure without the use of a respirator 3b

9. Exposure monitoring • Positive initial determination • Negative initial determination 3c

10. Exposure monitoring • Frequency of exposure monitoring • Employee notification process 3d

11. Methods of compliance • Engineering controls • Work practice controls • Mechanical ventilation • Administrative controls 4a

12. Respiratory protection • Situations requiring the use of respiratory protection • Selection process • Proper usage of respirators 5a

13. Respiratory protection • Review Appendix D of 1910.1025 (qualitative fit tests) • Respirator program 5b

14. Compliance program • Workers can examine or copy the written program • Written programs are revised/updated every 6 months 6a

15. Compliance program Written programs should include the following items: • Each operation from which lead is emitted • Description of the specific means of reducing exposures 6b

16. Compliance program • Air monitoring data • Detailed schedule of program implementation • Work practice programs 6c

17. Compliance program • Administration control schedule • Other relevant information 6d

18. Protective clothing and equipment • Used if the exposure, regardless of the use of respirators is greater than the PEL, or if skin or eye irritation exists 7a

19. Protective clothing and equipment • Types of protective clothing to be used: • Coveralls • Gloves, hats, shoes, disposable shoe coverlets • Face shields, vented goggles, other appropriate protective equipment 7b

20. Protective clothing and equipment • Protective clothing is provided on a weekly basis, or daily if the exposure is greater than 200 micrograms/cubic meter of air 7c

21. Protective clothing and equipment • Removal of protective equipment at the end of the shift • Designated closed containers 7d

22. Protective clothing and equipment • Container labeling should read: 7e

23. Protective clothing and equipment • Never remove lead from clothing by blowing, shaking, or any other means • Persons who launder must be informed of the potential harmful effects of lead exposure 7f

24. Hygiene facilities and practices • No food or beverage, tobacco products, or cosmetics may be used in areas that exceed the PEL • Change rooms and separate storage facilities for protective clothing 8a

25. Hygiene facilities and practices • Employees working in an area with an exposure level greater than the PEL must shower at the end of the work shift • Procedures for lunchroom use • Lavatory facilities use 8b

26. Housekeeping procedures • Housekeeping procedures can increase the amount of lead exposure • Establish a program that keeps all surfaces clean of accumulations of lead dust 9a

27. Medical surveillance • Medical surveillance is required whenever employees are exposed above the action level for more than 30 days per year 10a

28. Medical surveillance • Medical exams and procedures are done by, or under the supervision of, a licensed physician at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable place and time 10b

29. Biological monitoring • Sampling frequency 11a

30. Biological monitoring • Employees receive written notification of test results within 5 working days of employer receipt of the results when the blood lead level exceeds either: 11b

31. Biological monitoring • 40 micrograms/100 grams of whole blood; or the • medical removal value of 60 micrograms/per 100 grams of whole blood 11c

32. Medical examinations and consultations • Frequency of examinations/consultations 12a

33. Medical examinations and consultations Medical examinations include: • medical history • work history • thorough physical examination 12b

34. Medical examinations and consultations • blood pressure measurement • blood sample and analysis • routine urinalysis • other tests deemed necessary 12c

35. Medical examinations and consultations • Employees have the right to select a second physician: • to review findings, determination, or recommendations of the initial physician • to conduct examinations, consultations, and lab work that the second physician deems necessary 12d

36. Medical examinations and consultations • Procedures for obtaining a second physician's review and resolving differences in: • findings • determinations • recommendations 12e

37. Medical examinations and consultations • Findings, determinations, or recommendations of the third physician will be followed unless the employee and employer come to an agreement on one of the three physician’s recommendations 12f

38. Medical examinations and consultations • Information provided to physicians upon request • a copy of the regulation • a description of employee’s duties • employee exposure levels • PPE to be used • prior blood lead determinations • prior written medical opinions 12g

39. Medical examinations and consultations • Information contained in written medical opinions • Chelation 12h

40. Employee medical removal and return to work • Conditions that can cause temporary medical removal • Worker’s return to former job status • Medical removal benefit protection 13a

41. Training • Who needs training? • Types of training • Workers exposed to airborne lead at any level - Review Appendices A and B of 29 CFR 1910.1025 14a

42. Training • Workers exposed to airborne lead at or above the action level • Frequency of training • Training materials 14b

43. Signs and markings • Text for warning signs should read as follows: 15a

44. Recordkeeping • Contents of exposure monitoring records • Procedures for medical surveillance records 16a

45. Recordkeeping • Maintenance of medical removal records • Medical records must be made available to employees 16b

46. Exposure monitoring • All protective measures must be followed • Measurement procedures 17a

47. Exposure monitoring • Employees have a right to observe monitoring • Employees can record results or receive copies of results 17b

48. How lead enters the body • Inhalation • Ingestion • Generally not absorbed through skin 18a

49. Effects of acute overexposure • Large dosages can kill in a matter of days • Acute encephalopathy can lead to seizures, coma, and cardiorespiratory arrest 19a

50. Damage to: Blood-forming system Nervous system Kidneys Urinary system Reproductive systems Effects of chronic overexposure 20a