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Explore the impact of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society on US society, including programs like Medicare, Medicaid, and Head Start. Understand how these programs addressed poverty and inequality.
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The Student Will Understand… • How did LBJ’s Great Society impact U.S. society then and now?
For Review of the Women’s Movement… 1. Who are the men in the cartoon? 2. From what document are the men reading? 3. What does the woman scrubbing the floor symbolize?
Guide to Reading Main Idea Lyndon Johnson succeeded John F. Kennedy as president and greatly expanded Kennedy’s agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas. Key Terms and Names • consensus • Medicare • Medicaid • Head Start • Robert Weaver • war on poverty • VISTA • Great Society Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Johnson Takes the Reins • Lyndon Johnson took office during what seemed like a prosperous time for the United States. • In reality, however, away from the nation’s affluent suburbs were some 50 million poor. • Largely hidden in city slums, rural areas, Deep South, and on Native American reservations • Kennedy and Johnson made the elimination of poverty a major policy goal. (pages 732–735) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Photographs such as these shocked many Americans and won support for LBJ’s programs. Remind you of another era in US History?
"Migrant Mother," by Dorothea Lange. Courtesy the Library of Congress
Johnson Takes the Reins(cont.) • Johnson differed from Kennedy’s elegant society image. • Johnson, a Texan, spoke directly and roughly at times. • He sought ways to find consensus, or general agreement. • His ability to build coalitions made him one of the most effective and powerful leaders in Senate history. (pages 732–735) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Johnson Takes the Reins(cont.) • Johnson declared that his administration was waging an unconditional war on poverty in America. • Bythe summer of 1964, Congress had created the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), which focused on creating jobs and fighting poverty. • The election of 1964 had Johnson running against Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. (pages 732–735) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Johnson Takes the Reins(cont.) • Americans were not ready for Goldwater’s aggressive message, and Johnson won in a landslide. • Goldwater quotes • Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. And moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. • If you don't mind smelling like peanut butter for two or three days, peanut butter is darn good shaving cream. (pages 732–735)
“Initiative,” “referendum,” and “recall” are examples of— A powers of the legislative branch B Progressive Era reforms C ways to amend the Constitution D New Deal programs Initiative…the right for citizens to place an issue before the voters or legislature Referendum…the practice of letting voters accept or reject legislative issue Recall…the right for voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office
Johnson Takes the Reins(cont.) What tactics of President Johnson’s became known as the Johnson Treatment? The treatment was Johnson’s way of persuading others to agree with him. His reputation for getting things done involved doing favors, twisting arms, bargaining, flattering, and sometimes threatening. (pages 732–735) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
The Great Society • Johnson promised a GreatSociety during his campaign. • It was the vision of a more perfect, more equitable society. • Between 1965 and 1968, over 60 programs were passed, including Medicare and Medicaid. • Medicare was a health insurance program for the elderly funded through Social Security. Fair Deal vs. New Deal (pages 735–737)
The Great Society(cont.) • Medicaid financed health care for those on welfare or living below the poverty line. • Johnson’s interest in education led to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and to the preschool program Project Head Start, which was administered to disadvantaged children. • Volunteers In Service To America - VISTA put young people to work in poor school districts. (pages 735–737) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The Great Society(cont.) • Johnson urged Congress to act on legislation dealing with the deterioration of inner cities. • Congress responded with the creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1965. • Its first secretary, Robert Weaver, was the first African American to serve in a cabinet. (pages 735–737) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
A Urban dwellers outnumbered suburban dwellers in 1951. B Rural dwellers had greater access to railroad transportation in the 1940s than they did in the 1950s. C Urban areas decreased in their percentage of population growth from 1941 to 1960. D More people lived in the suburbs in 1941 than in 1951. Which conclusion can be drawn from the graphs above?
The Great Society(cont.) • “Model Cities,” a broad-based program with matching funds from local and state agencies, supported programs in the areas of transportation, health care, housing, and policing. (pages 735–737)
The Great Society(cont.) • The Immigration Reform Act of 1965 played a key role in changing the composition of the American population. • It kept a strict limit on the number of immigrants admitted to the United States each year. • It also eliminated the national origins system, which gave preference to northern European immigrants. • Immigrants arrived in the U.S. from all parts of Europe and from Asia and Africa. (pages 735–737) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The Great Society(cont.) What were some of Johnson’s programs within his Great Society campaign? (pages 735–737) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
The Great Society(cont.) Upward Bound provided college preparation for low-income teenagers. Between 1965 and 1968, over 60 programs were passed, including Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare was a health insurance program for the elderly funded through Social Security. Medicaid financed health care for those on welfare, living below the poverty line. The preschool program, Project Head Start, administered to disadvantaged children. (pages 735–737)
Legacy of the Great Society • The impact of the Great Society was felt by all aspects of American life and improved many lives. • Some Americans opposed the massive growth of federal funds and criticized the Great Society for intruding too much in their lives. • There is a continued debate over the success of the Great Society. • It did result in many Americans asking questions, questions Americans continue to ask today. (pages 737–738) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Going Beyond… • What would be the effect on the United States if these government-sponsored programs were abandoned? • More recently, American presidents have encouraged private organizations to help those in need. Do you believe this approach is preferable to government-funded solutions? Why or why not?
Legacy of the Great Society(cont.) What remains today of the Great Society? Programs like Medicare and Medicaid as well as the Department of Transportation and the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Project Head Start are what remain today of the Great Society. (pages 737–738) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. A __ 1. general agreement __ 2. anti-poverty program under President Lyndon Johnson A. consensus B. war on poverty B Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding (cont.) Describe how the Great Society programs were inspired. Johnson wanted to fulfill FDR’s mission for a nation of equal opportunity. Just for thought… Wasn’t FDR called a socialist? Why? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Themes Government and Democracy How did Johnson’s war on poverty strive to ensure greater fairness in American society? Johnson’s war on poverty offered the less fortunate education, training, and access to jobs. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Critical Thinking Interpreting What were three legacies of the Great Society? Possible answers: Medicare, Department of Transportation, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicaid, and Project Head Start are legacies of the Great Society. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
