680 likes | 963 Views
Cell Division. Allows unicellular organisms to reproduceGrowth and Repair of multicellular organisms.. How Prokaryotic Cells Divide. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membranous organelles.Divide by Binary Fission. Chromosome Is Singular. Prokaryotic chromosome contains mostly DNA and some associated proteinsAsexual reproduction requires a single parent; offspring are genetically identical to parent..
E N D
1. Chapter 12
Biology
2. Cell Division Allows unicellular organisms to reproduce
Growth and Repair of multicellular organisms.
3. How Prokaryotic Cells Divide Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membranous organelles.
Divide by Binary Fission
4. Chromosome Is Singular Prokaryotic chromosome contains mostly DNA and some associated proteins
Asexual reproduction requires a single parent; offspring are genetically identical to parent.
8. Eukaryotic Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle Karyokinesis – nuclear division
Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm
9. A. Chromosomes Histone proteins organize chromosomes.
Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes.
10. A. Chromosomes a. Diploid (2n) number includes two sets of chromosomes of each type.
b. Haploid (n) number contains one of each kind of chromosome.
11. A. Chromosomes Sister chromatids are two parts of a chromosome
Centromere---a region of constriction on a chromosome
16. Mitosis Centrosomes
responsible for organizing the spindle.
main microtubule organizing center of the cell
18. Mitosis The centrosome has divided before mitosis begins.
Each centrosome contains a pair of barrel-shaped organelles called centrioles; plant cells lack centrioles.
21. B. How Animal Cells Divide 1. Mitosis:
Interphase
Prophase
Pro-metaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase.
24. B. How Animal Cells Divide Prophase
a. Chromatin condenses and chromosomes become visible.
b. Nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope fragments.
c. Short microtubules radiate out from the pair of centrioles located in each centrosome; form starlike asters.
26. B. How Animal Cells Divide Prometaphase
a. attachment of chromosomes to the spindle and movement as they align at the metaphase plate (equator).
28. B. How Animal Cells Divide Metaphase
a. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
30. B. How Animal Cells Divide Anaphase
a. Two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate at centromere.
b. Daughter chromosomes, each with a centromere and single chromatid, move to opposite poles.
32. B. How Animal Cells Divide Telophase
a. Spindle disappears.
b. Chromosomes decondense and return to chromatin; the nuclear envelope reforms and nucleoli reappear.
c. Cytokinesis is nearly complete.
34. Cytokinesis in Animal Cells a. Cleavage furrow indents the plasma membrane between the two daughter nuclei at a midpoint; progressively divides cytoplasm during cell division.
38. C. How Plant Cells Divide 1. Plant meristematic tissue in tips of roots and shoots
2. Stages are same as in animal cells.
3. Plant cells - no centrioles, and asters do not form.
46. Cytokinesis in Plant Cells Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that move to the midpoint between the daughter cell nuclei
Vesicles fuse, forming a cell plate
48. How the Cycle is Controlled 1. Some cells divide continuously
2. Other cells are arrested in at different stages
52. How the Cycle is Controlled 4. Enzymes known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) regulate passage of cells through these checkpoints
54. How the Cycle is Controlled Oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) may code for cyclins that no longer function as they should.
64. Cancer Angiogenesis the formation of new blood vessels.
Malignancy and Metastasis ability to move and movment of cancer cells to a new location.
67. The End.
69. Regular naps prevent old age.....especially if you take them while driving.
I don't approve of political jokes...I've seen too many of them get elected.
Shopping tip: You can get shoes for 85 cents at bowling alleys.
After all is said and done, usually more is said than done.
I am a nobody, nobody is perfect, therefore I am perfect.
I married my wife for her looks...but not the ones she's been giving me lately!
How come we choose from just two people for president and 50 for Miss America?“
Isn't having a smoking section in a restaurant like having a peeing section in a swimming pool?
The next time you feel like complaining, remember: Your garbage disposal probably eats better than thirty percent of the people in this world.
Sex is hereditary. If your parents never had it, chances are you won't either.
Women should not have children after 35. Really...35 children are enough.
I was on a date recently, and the guy took me horsebackriding. That was kind of fun, until we ran out of quarters.
Every time I walk into a singles bar I can hear Mom's wise words: Don't pick that up, you don't know where it's been.