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World Energy Transitions

World Energy Transitions. James Hayes-Bohanan, Ph.D. Considerations. Kinds of energy Patterns of energy use Sources of energy The future of energy No “magic bullets” for sale here!. Kinds of energy. Perpetual Renewable Non-renewable Conservation. Historic energy use in U.S.

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World Energy Transitions

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  1. World Energy Transitions James Hayes-Bohanan, Ph.D.

  2. Considerations • Kinds of energy • Patterns of energy use • Sources of energy • The future of energy • No “magic bullets” for sale here!

  3. Kinds of energy • Perpetual • Renewable • Non-renewable • Conservation

  4. Historic energy use in U.S. Cutter and Renwick, 1999.

  5. Major commercial sources of energy • Fossil Fuels • Coal • Oil • Natural Gas • Nuclear • Hydroelectric

  6. Major Coal Reserves

  7. Major Oil Reserves

  8. Gulf Petroleum Exports Energy Policy Considerations in the Aftermath of September 11Philip K. Verleger, Jr.http://www.ase.org/stars/pdf/pverleger.pdf

  9. Petroleum dependence Analysis from Forbes What is at stake in Saudi Arabia:http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2001/1112/064_print.html Ten-dollar gasoline?:http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2001/10/2201022oilcosts_print.html Patterns of trade:http://www.forbes.com/static_html/oil/oil.shtml

  10. NuclearCycles Note dfferences between current and “future” pathways.

  11. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Energy Policy Considerations in the Aftermath of September 11Philip K. Verleger, Jr. http://www.ase.org/stars/pdf/pverleger.pdf

  12. U.S. Car/Truck Mix Energy Policy Considerations in the Aftermath of September 11Philip K. Verleger, Jr. http://www.ase.org/stars/pdf/pverleger.pdf

  13. The future of energy • Global • National • State and regional • Institutional • Individual

  14. Global scale • Resource limitations • Climate change • Other environmental harm • Geopolitics

  15. National scale - imported oil • Slow rate of overall economic growth • Increase taxes on imported oil • Encourage conservation • Promote domestic alternatives • Region-specific incentives • Strategic petroleum reserves Energy Policy Considerations in the Aftermath of September 11Philip K. Verleger, Jr. http://www.ase.org/stars/pdf/pverleger.pdf

  16. National scale - longer term • The previous list simply “buys time” while alternatives are found. • According to Verleger, “after 2015, the United States and other major consumers may have to admit that the resource base outside the Middle East is insufficient.” • Therefore, the policies focused on “energy independence” are not useful long-term: Post-petroleum policies are needed.

  17. Post-petroleum technologies • Wind • Solar • Tides • Fuel Cells

  18. State and regional scale • Electricity deregulation • Price • Air-quality • Promoting alternatives • Government as consumer • Mass-transit and highway decisions

  19. Institutional scale • Energy Bear! • Information systems • ROI: Return on Investment

  20. Individual scale • Motivation • Consumption choices • Geographic choices • Technology choices: ROI • Reduce, reuse, recycle, repair

  21. Utility facts Under energy deregulation, consumers may have greater control over the energy choices made on their behalf

  22. Further information • Environmental Geography web site at http://webhost.bridgew.edu/jhayesboh • Energy education page (choose “Energy” from drop-down menu) • Includes this presentation and citations

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