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Nuclear Structure Data Evaluation & FRIB

Nuclear Structure Data Evaluation & FRIB. John Kelley * NCState and TUNL for Filip Kondev. kondev@anl.gov. Low Energy Community Meeting, MSU, August 23-24, 2013. Outline. Introduction: what is Nuclear Data historical perspective Major Nuclear Physics Databases:

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Nuclear Structure Data Evaluation & FRIB

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  1. Nuclear Structure Data Evaluation & FRIB John Kelley * NCState and TUNL for Filip Kondev kondev@anl.gov Low Energy Community Meeting, MSU, August 23-24, 2013

  2. Outline • Introduction: • what is Nuclear Data • historical perspective • Major Nuclear Physics Databases: • NSR, ENSDF, XUNDL, AME • Other useful resources: • Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics

  3. ~3000 ~6000 nuclei are predicted to exist Proton Drip Line ~3000 nuclei the knowledge is very limited or nonexistent!

  4. What is Nuclear Data? Basic Physics Applied Physics Generally: anyresult produced in a NP experiment can qualify Historically: associated with neutron cross sections and fission like applications … too applied to the basic physics …too academic to the applied physics …

  5. Nuclear Physics in Importantastrophysics, medicine, energy production, security nuclear power plant supernova explosion 99mTc bone scan 238PuO2 (87.7 y) Cassini spacecraft - Saturn

  6. Nuclear Physics is (still) a Big Challenge 11 physics questions for the new century Question 3How were the elements from iron to uranium made ?

  7. it is an interesting time in Nuclear Physics evaluated nuclear data - support various applications, assist scientific discoveries and preserve the knowledge for future generations

  8. What takes to do a good evaluation it is a time consuming effort! • critical readingof all published (and sometime unpublished) work on a particular nuclide – working with the authors when possible • compilation of the resultsin appropriate formats - prepare individual data sets • critical review- recommends best values for a range of nuclear properties (not simply averaging numbers!) • a number of computer codes are applied to check the data for consistency or to deduce some quantities, e.g. ICC, BXL, log ft, etc. • the human factor is also very important • peer-review process– completeness & quality! • publication in Nuclear Data Sheets (and on the Web)

  9. What should a good database look like? • Comprehensive: • All related quantities should be included, together with estimates of their uncertainties • Reliable: • Data should be correctly represented • Complete: • All available data of each type should be included • Up-to-Date: • Consequences of new measurements should appear promptly • Accessible: • Data should be easily available to the users via modern dissemination tools

  10. What is the value of evaluated data? • Interactive access to properties of many nuclei with a click of a mouse … • Archivalof all nuclear structure and decay data • Resolve differences between overlapping and contradictory results • Beneficial consequences for nuclear theory development • Beneficial to many applied areas such as nuclear medicine, reactor engineering, environmental impact assessment, nuclear waste management, activation analysis, etc. • Identify and stimulate needs for new measurements

  11. Nuclear Structure Data Evaluation Today, far larger and more complex databases are urgently needed in many fields! Nuclear Physics perhaps has one of the best! associated with nuclear structure databases – complex nuclear level schemes and tables of numerical values, which quantify fundamental nuclear structure information, such as level energies and quantum numbers, lifetimes, decay modes, and other associated properties. these databases are not only at the core of basic nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics research, but they are also relevant to many applied technologies, including nuclear energy production, reactor design and safety, medical diagnostic and radiotherapy, health physics, environmental research and monitoring, safeguards, material analysis, etc. • Nuclear Data Evaluation • network activity • service to various communities

  12. Evaluation History – cont. courtesy of E. Browne (LBNL)

  13. “Google can do it all …” Nuclear Science References (NSR) a lifetime of a graduate student???? • access to the most relevant articles and evaluated • data on a particular nuclide • access the recommended (best) values for a range of nuclear properties • search on a specific nuclear property, quantity • or reaction

  14. Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Structure & Decay • collaboration of scientists from ANL, LBNL, McMaster U. (Canada), NNDC (BNL), ORNL, TUNL & Texas A&M U, supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science, US DOE • leveraged with effort from colleagues from several countries within the NSDD Network, established in 1974 under the auspices of IAEA, Vienna • Compile, Evaluate, Measure and Disseminate Nuclear Structure and Decay Data for ALL known nuclei (more than 3000!) that are used in basic science research and technology applications What we do:

  15. NSDD Network Europe, FSU & Turkey Asia – Japan, China, India & Kuwait S. America Australia Backbone of NSDD – leadership, technical expertise and mentoring host & maintain ENSDF, NSR & network programs Organize bi-annual meetings & technical workshops Provide research grants ($4K /y) Contributions to NSR & ENSDF developing countries

  16. The focal point www.nndc.bnl.gov

  17. ENSDF – the core database www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensdf Contents: Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all known nuclei, organized in over 290 mass chains ENSDF Adopted (best values) Levels: (E, J, T1/2, , Q, configurations) Gammas: (Eg, BR, M,, ICC) Reactions (HI,xn) (p,p’) (n, ), (n,xng) Coul. Exc. (,’), (a,xng) (d,p), etc. Decays - ++  -n etc.

  18. ENSDF – the core database – cont. ENSDF Basic NP Research Applications ENDF, JEFF, JENDL … ORTEC & CANBERRA Simulations MIRD RIPL Monte-Carlo Codes MCNP, GEANT, EGS4 ORIGEN, CINDER90 IE RNAL PGAA astrophysics NuDat NUBASE RADWARE ENSDFisthe only Nuclear Structure database that is updated continuously – contains information for ALL nuclei and ALL nuclear level properties & radiations – currently contributed by members of the Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Network, under auspices of IAEA. It is maintained by NNDC and the NSDD role is indispensible! No viable alternative exists in the world!

  19. ENSDF usage www.nndc.bnl.gov preparation of experiments – during experiments – data analysis & publications – journal reviewers etc. 44% US & Canada NDS e-Subscr. (Elsevier) – 4705 accountswith 11.7K (paid) downloads (2007) USA & Canada(25%), EU (39%), Asia (33%), Africa (1.5%) & Australia (1.5%)

  20. www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensdf Ex=36 MeV (149Gd) E6in decay of the 19/2- (2.5 min) isomer in 53Fe J=68 (SD 152Dy)? 130Ag-21 n from 109Ag 169Au-28 n from 197Au from 2923 nuclei known 785 nuclei with only 1 level 1101 nuclei with no g known 40Ca – 578 levels 53Mn – 1319 g-rays

  21. What was believed to be in 177Yb is actually an excited structure in the neighboring 175Yb isotope 175 178 177 Challenges away from the line of stability 100 Proton drip line Protons 50 Neutron drip line 100 150 50 Neutrons Several publications in Phys. Rev. C

  22. … a paper that was not so correct … From: Balraj Singh [ndgroup@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca] Sent: Thursday, May 12, 2005 5:52 PM To: Kondev, Filip G. Subject: Re: NSDD-2005: Visa ; 174Yb paper Hi Filip: … About 174Yb: We have compiled your paper for XUNDL and will send it to BNL today. There is one curious thing about the 830-microsecond isomer. In the literature (ENSDF and 1967Bo08: NP A96, 561) value of 830 corresponded to half-life rather than meanlife. In your paper it is being referred as meanlife everwhere, including in table III where BEL's are deduced. Also in table III, for 628 gamma from this isomer, I seem to get BE2 a factor of 10 higher than your value using 830 as meanlife. Could you please check these points and let me know what you think. Thanks, Balraj

  23. Nuclear Data Sheets v. 97 (2002) 241 Horizontal Evaluations and Topical Reviews • Log ft values in b-/(EC+b+) decay • Alpha-decay HF from even-even nuclei • Nuclear Moments (m and Q0) • Proton Radioactivity Decay Data many other applications oriented …

  24. Opportunities ~3000 nuclei known ~3000 nuclei yet to be discovered GRETINA-AGATAg-ray tracking arrays a surge of new data can be foreseen in the near future – nuclear structure & reactions involving radioactive nucleifar from the line of stability – all new data need to be promptly compiled, evaluated & disseminated to enhance scientific discoveries and to assist technology applications - development of new evaluation methodologies, strategies& disseminationtools that are tailored to the specific needs of variety of users – archive for future generations Overseas: RIKEN, TRIUMF, GANIL, CERN, GSI (planned) U.S. facilities: ANL, ORNL & MSU FRIB – the future in U.S. The NP community would require even more sophisticated databases that couple Experiments, Theory & DataEvaluation with the modern computer technology

  25. up in the Cloud …. Thank you!

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