Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech There are eight of them!!!

2. Noun Pronoun Verb Preposition Adjective Adverb Conjunction Interjection Eight Parts of Speech

3. Noun - a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. • Persons : aunt, doctor, Joey, Kanye West • Places : kitchen, hotel, Madison, Ohio • Things : blanket, lightning, mirror, Statue of Liberty • Ideas : freedom, intelligence, sincerity, democracy

4. Check out the room… • Take a minute and write down as many nouns that you can observe in the room. • Share your findings! • Plant, poster, flowers, smartboard, desk, students, paper, erasers, books

5. KINDS OF NOUNS- Nouns may be classified in several ways. • Common • Proper • Concrete • Abstract • Collective • Compound

6. Common and Proper Nouns • A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. • A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea.

7. Common Nouns city mayor game street river Proper Nouns Reedsburg Mayor Held Super Bowl Main Street Baraboo River Common and Proper Noun Examples

8. BREAK • Take a minute to label your nouns with a C or P for common or proper. • Share your findings!

9. Concrete and Abstract Nouns • A concrete noun names an object that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted. • An abstract noun names something that cannot be perceived through the senses.

10. Concrete Nouns Marcia thunder perfume water banana book Abstract nouns kindness skill truth generosity courage sorrow Concrete and Abstract Noun Examples

11. BREAK!!! • Take one minute to underline concrete nouns and circle abstract nouns. • Share your findings.

12. Collective and Compound Nouns • A collective noun names a group of people or things. • A compound noun contains two or more words. It may be written as one word, as two words, or with a hypen.

13. Collective Nouns committee club class team flock herd family Compound Nouns earthworm bookcase ice hockey Main Street One-half Great-aunt Runner-up Examples

14. Your Last Step! • Write down as many collective and compound nouns as you can. Be sure to put them in two separate columns to keep them separate.

15. USES OF NOUNS • A noun may act as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, or a predicate nominative.

16. A noun acting as a SUBJECT • Meteorologists study the weather. • Meteorologists is the subject of the verb study.

17. A noun acting as a DIRECT OBJECT • The magician amazed the audience. • Audience receives the action of the verb amazed.

18. A noun acting as an INDIRECT OBJECT • The coach showed the quarterback a new play. • Quarterback tells to whom the audience the play was shown.

19. A noun acting as a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE • Lyn Walker is a carpenter’s assistant. • Assistant follows the linking verb is.

20. Pronoun - - a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun • Personal • Reflexive and Intensive • Demonstrative • Indefinite • Interrogative • Relative

21. Personal Pronouns • Examples of Personal Pronouns include: • First person: (S) I, me, my, mine, • (P) we, us, our, ours • Second person: (S&P)You, your, yours, • Third Person: (S) He, she, it, him, her, his, hers, its, (P) they, them, their theirs

22. Pronouns and Antecedents • The noun or pronoun that a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent. • Example: Lin was late because she missed the bus. • She refers to the noun Lin. Lin is the antecedent of the pronoun she.

23. You try one! • Paul read the book and returned it to the shelf. • What is the pronoun? Antecedent? • The coaches and players appeared happy as they arrived. • What is the pronoun? Antecedent?

24. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • Singular - myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself • Plural - ourselves, yourselves, themselves

25. Reflexive Pronouns • Reflexive pronouns reflect an action back on the subject and add necessary information to the sentence. • Example: Kim bought herself a digital watch.

26. Intensive pronouns • Intensive pronouns are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun. • Example: Maggie herself opened the vault.

27. Demonstrative Pronouns • They include: this, that, these, and those. • This and and these point out people or things that are near in space or time. That and those point out people or things that are farther away.

28. A tricky thing about demonstrative pronouns… • The words this, that, these, and those may be used as adjectives. • That is an antique clock. (Pronoun) • That clock is an antique. (adjective) • How are the pronouns used below? • These photographs are retouched. • These are retouched photographs.

29. Indefinite Pronouns • Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a definite person or thing. An indefinite pronoun usually does not have an antecedent.

30. Indefinite pronouns • (S) Another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone, something • (P)Both, several, few, many, others • (S or P) All, some, any, most, none

31. Interrogative Pronouns • Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. • They are who, whom, whose, which, what • Interrogative pronouns do not have an antecedent.

32. The tricky thing about Interrogative pronouns is… • That three of them, what, whose, and which, can be used as adjectives! • Which bike is yours? (adjective) • Which is your bike? (pronoun) • You try the next ones! • What grade did you get? • What did you get for a grade?

33. Relative Pronouns • A relative pronoun is used to relate, or connect, an adjective clause to the word or words it modifies. • An adjective clause is a group of words that modifies a noun or pronoun

34. Relative Pronouns • These pronouns are: • Who, whom, whose, which, that • Example: The author, whose book we discussed, is not well known. • The play that we saw is a musical about cats.

35. You try! • Find the relative pronoun in the following sentences. • Checkers, which is England is called draughts, is an ancient game. • The two people who play need foresight and concentration.

36. One last note on pronouns • Pronouns must agree with their antecedent in number, gender, and person. • The artist set up her easel by the river. • The artists displayed their paintings in the park. • Someone forgot his or her bag. • Each of the women introduced herself.

37. Adjective - a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. • Articles • Proper Adjectives • Predicate Adjectives • Nouns and Pronouns as Adjectives

38. Adjectives • An adjective can change or limit the meaning of a noun or a pronoun by answering one of these questions: • ~What kind? ~Which one or ones? • ~How many? ~How much

39. Adjectives cont’d • What kind? shiny floor, hilarious story • Which one(s)? that girl, next time • How many? three months, several boxes • How much? more snow, less pain

40. Some examples… • More than one adjective may modify the same noun or pronoun. • Four festive musicians wore masks. (How many musicians? What kind of musicians?)

41. Take a minute and… • Picture in your head your first grade teacher. • Take one minute and write down as many adjectives as you can that describe your first grade teacher. • Share results!

42. Adjectives are usually placed immediately before the noun or pronoun they modify but… • Occasionally a writer may decide to add variety to a sentence by putting adjectives in other positions. • Examples: The runners, confident and eager, started the race. • Confident and eager, the runners started the race.

43. On your own… • Using the adjectives you listed about your first grade teacher, create a sentence that uses two adjectives in a position other than immediately before the noun.

44. Articles - the most common adjectives • These include: • A - indefinite article • An - indefinite article • The - definite article

45. Definite and Indefinite Articles • Definite articles - point out a specific person, place, thing, or idea. • Example : Keep the ball in play. (a particular ball. • Indefinite Articles do not point out a specific person, place, thing or idea. • Example: Did you bring a ball? (not a specific ball)

46. A rule about A and An • Use the indefinite article a before a word beginning with a consonant sound: a ball, a game. • Use the indefinite article an before a word beginning with a vowel sound: an error, an honor.

47. Proper Noun Japan Mexico Shakespeare Bach Hindu Proper Adjective Japanese car Mexican culture Shakespearean sonnet Bach aria Hindu philosophy Proper adjectives are formed from a proper noun. Proper adjectives are always capitalized.

48. Predicate Adjectives • Unlike most adjectives, predicate adjectives follow the words they modify. • Example: Nothing seemed clear anymore. (Clear modifies the subject nothing.)

49. Another example • Can you find the adjective in the sentence below? • Her hair is auburn. • Auburn modifies the subject, hair.

50. Predicate adjectives • A predicate adjective can be compound, like other modifiers. In the following examples, two predicate adjectives follow each linking verb. • The car was rusty and dilapidated. • Angelo looked tired but happy.