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How 3 Estates, 1 Tennis Court, and 2 Phases of a Revolution Created France

How 3 Estates, 1 Tennis Court, and 2 Phases of a Revolution Created France. 4.5 | The French Revolution. The French Feudal System. The Three Estates First Estate – No taxes, owned 10% of the land, collected tithes (10% of 3 rd estate’s income)

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How 3 Estates, 1 Tennis Court, and 2 Phases of a Revolution Created France

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  1. How 3 Estates, 1 Tennis Court, and 2 Phases of a Revolution Created France 4.5 | The French Revolution

  2. The French Feudal System • The Three Estates • First Estate – No taxes, owned 10% of the land, collected tithes (10% of 3rd estate’s income) • Second Estate – “struggling” after Richelieu and Louis • Third Estate • 18th century French economy

  3. Issues with Equality in Society The third estate’s diversity The Bourgeoisie’s desire Status , privilege, political rights

  4. What is the Third Estate? • What has it been until now in the political order? • What does it want to be? • Nothing Everything • Something • Abbé Emmanuel Sieyès

  5. The French Financial Crisis • Royal spending – Marie Antoinette • The American Revolution • Economic downturn • Extreme poverty

  6. Shoe makers cannot afford leather to make shoesTax collectors are “bloodsuckers of the nation who drink the tears of the unfortunate from goblets of gold”The courts are “vampires pumping the last drop of blood” from the people“20 million must live on half the wealth of France while the clergy… devour the other half”

  7. Tensions Boil - 1788 • France goes bankrupt • Bankrolling American independence • Mismanagement of funds • Public outrage • Louis XVI calls the Estates General together to discuss the situation • Each estate had a vote

  8. The Estates-General 1789 • Purpose and function • Third estates wanted “each head to count” • Locked door • The Tennis Court Oath • The National Assembly

  9. Support for the National Assembly Grows Louis begins pulling armies from the frontiers closer to Paris The National Assembly sees this as an imminent threat

  10. The Storming of the Bastille 14/7/1789 • National Assembly at Versailles • 800 Parisians panic about armies • Result • Aftermath

  11. The National Assembly vs. Louis XVI • Phase One – Panic and Action • The National Assembly (1789-1791) • The Declaration of the Rights of Man • Liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression • EVERY Frenchman could do anything “according to virtue and talents” • Taxes waged according to “ability to pay” • Parisian women march on Versailles • The King returns to “cooperate”

  12. New Constitution, New Government • National Assembly presses on • Church controlled by state • Constitution passed 1791 • Limited monarchy • Issues – Louis doesn’t like this • France/Austria relationship • Absolute monarchies and their view • Border patrols increase along French border

  13. Stop the “French Plague” Catherine the Great burns Volaire’s work Britain denounced the rebellion Fear of democracy Louis XVI tries to escape Prussia and Austria threaten to intervene to protect French Monarchy Economic downturn, political upheaval, and the Republic – 1792

  14. Radicalism Grows • Division, and the Jacobins • 1792 – France declares war on Austria, then Prussia, then Great Britain • On and off fighting until 1815 • 1793 – Louis XVI’s fate

  15. The Reign of Terror Maximilien Robespierre For security’s sake 40,000 executions 16,000 by guillotine Republic of Virtue

  16. The Revolutionary Army • Swelled to over a million troops • Defended and expanded the Republic • Victories over the Monarchies • The “people’s” army

  17. 1794 Robespierre Execution End of the Terror

  18. The Directory • A kind of Congress • Corrupt • Coup d’etat • Napoleon Bonaparte

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