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The microscope must accomplish three tasks 1. Magnify the specimen

Microscopy - an introduction. Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified visual or photographic images of small objects. The microscope must accomplish three tasks 1. Magnify the specimen separate the details in the image,

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The microscope must accomplish three tasks 1. Magnify the specimen

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  1. Microscopy - an introduction • Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified visual or photographic images of small objects. • The microscope must accomplish three tasks • 1. Magnify the specimen • separate the details in the image, • Make the details visible to the human eye or camera.

  2. Microscopes increase resolution - minimumdistance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points

  3. Scale

  4. Microscope One or more lenses that make an enlarged image of an object.

  5. Simple Microscope • Light passes through only 1 lens. • Example: magnifying glass

  6. Compound Microscope • Lets light pass through an object and then through two or more lenses.

  7. Stereoscopic Microscope • Gives a three dimensional view of an object. (Examples: insects and leaves) • Used for dissections

  8. Electron microscopes – use a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light to magnify the image

  9. Electron Microscopes • can achieve 3D images using electrons

  10. The Scanning Electron Microscope • produces a 3-dimensional image of specimen’s surface features spider head of a butterfly

  11. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) • Types of specimens: • -Whole organisms • -Natural tissue surfaces • -Exposed tissue structure A flea magnified 50 000 X What is this?

  12. Scanning Electron Microscope

  13. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). • Allows the observation of molecules within cells • Allows the magnification of objects in the order of 100, 000’s.

  14. Longitudinal section of cilium Cross section of cilium 1 µm Transmissionelectronmicroscope (TEM) • Provides for detailed study of the internalstructure of cells • a beam of electrons is transmitted through the specimen for a 2D view Figure 6.4 (b) cilia on rabbit lungs

  15. Transmission electron microscope Chloroplast from a tobacco leaf H1N1 virus

  16. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) • laser beam used to illuminate spots on specimen • computer compiles images created from each point to generate a 3-D image • used on specimens that are too thick for a light microscope

  17. A, B, C pollen grains: Scanning electron microscope D pollen grains: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope E pollen grains: Transmission electron microscope F pollen grains: Light microscope G Mixed pollen grains (bright field light microscope, stained) H pollen grains confocal laser scanning microscope

  18. Look at the following micrographs (a picture made by a microscope) and try to determine what the object is!

  19. DENTIST’S DRILL

  20. TOILET PAPER

  21. HYPODERMIC NEEDLE

  22. VELCRO

  23. STAPLE THROUGH PAPER

  24. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER CLAW

  25. PORCUPINE QUILL

  26. MASCARA BRUSH

  27. ANT

  28. BLACK FLY

  29. MOSQUITO

  30. CAT FLEA

  31. MITE FEEDING

  32. POLLEN GRAIN

  33. ANT EYE

  34. APHID ON A LEAF

  35. EYELASHES

  36. DOG FLEA

  37. H1N1 VIRUS

  38. What is the difference between a… VIRUS and CELL? E.coli bacterial cells

  39. VIRUS BACTERIA • can’t live on its own- must - can exist on its own live inside another cell • much smaller (20 – 400nm) - larger (1000 nm = 1μm) • none are beneficial - some can be beneficial (bacteria in gut) • no cell wall, only a protein - outer cell wall coat - cannot be killed by antibiotics - are killed by antibiotics

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