Day 1) Guided Notes 13.1-13.3 and Comparative anatomy lab

1. Day 1) Guided Notes 13.1-13.3 and Comparative anatomy lab • Day 2) Selection Notes 13.4-5 and Pom Pom Lab • Day 3) 13.6- 13. 10 guided notes and Hardy Weinberg Teddy Gram (lab first) • Day 4) Microevolution slides with pom pom demonstration and guided notes 13.12- 13.16 • Day 5) Notes on the board 13.19-13.22 and review • Day 6) Quiz and Review • Day 7 ) Test

2. Do Now: Copy the slide • Genetic Drift: is a change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance (coin flip) • Smaller population less likely to have the ideal 50% heads 50% tails compared to large populations • Solely by chance: NOT BY NATURAL SELECTION • Describe Pom Poms

3. Bottleneck Effect • is genetic drift resulting from an event that drastically reduces population numbers • Earthquake, flood, fire • Unselectively leaving a small number of survivors • Pom Poms

4. Founder Effect • Is when a small colony of organisms move to a new location • the smaller the population, the less genetic makeup of the colonists will resemble the larger population • Pom Poms

5. Gene Flow • When fertile individuals move into and out of a population or when gametes are transferred between populations • Lack of gene flow creates distinctions between populations • Gene flow make populations blend

6. Mutations • Is a random change in DNA • Is the ultimate source of the genetic variation that serves as raw material for evolution

7. 13.11 Causes of Microevolution • Genetic drift • Bottleneck • Founder effect • Gene Flow • Mutation • Natural selection But Natural selection is the only cause that is likely to result in adaptive change

8. 13.17 Endangered species often have reduced in variation • Endangered species have low genetic variability and the diversity in their gene pool makes them less successful • Example: Cheetahs suffered severe bottleneck (possibly two) • Why might low genetic variability decrease survival of a population?

9. 13.18 The perpetuation of genes defines evolutionary fitness • Survival of the fittest is not necessarily violent • More offspring • Plants: attract pollinators, shape, color, fragrance • Darwinian Fitness: is the contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of others • Evolutionary fitness has to do with genes

10. 13.19 There are three general outcomes of natural selection Stabilizing Selection: Average is favored Diversifying Selection: Both extremes are favored Directional Selection: One extreme is favored

11. 13.20 Sexual selection may produce sexual dimorphism • Sexual dimorphism: differences in sexes not directly associated with reproduction • Size, coloration, manes, antlers • Intrasexual Selection: Secondary sex characteristics used to compete with members of the same sex (males fighting for mating rights) • Intersexual selection: more common, mate choice, individual of one sex (usually female) chooses mate

12. 13.21 Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms • 1) Organisms are locked in historical constraints • Organisms come from ancestors, not from scratch • 2) Adaptations are often compromises • Blue footed booby • 3)Not all evolution is adaptive • Chance affects populations • Not all alleles fixed by genetic drift in the gene pool of a small population are better than those lost • 4) Selection can only edit existing variations • New alleles do not arise on demand

13. 13.22 The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is serious public health concern • Antibiotics: most are naturally occurring • Penicillin-isolated from mold • R-plasmids carry resistance to antibiotics and pass it on to others • Ways we contribute to the evolutionary arms race • Antibiotic animal feed • Overprescribing antibiotics • Misuse of antibiotics