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Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

Endocrine system with a dash of genetics. Endocrine Glands . Second messenger system that carries information to and from the brain. What’s the first? Sends chemical messages (hormones) through the blood and other fluid systems

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Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

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  1. Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

  2. Endocrine Glands • Second messenger system that carries information to and from the brain. What’s the first? • Sends chemical messages (hormones) through the blood and other fluid systems • Hormones can travel anywhere in the body but are only received at the site they affect (the organ) • Also called ductless glands • Know the functions of each endocrine gland (page 172)!!!!!!!!!

  3. What does each gland do? • Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus • Pituitary = “master” gland • Controls output of hormones from the other glands • Hypothalamus = watch dog • Monitors hormone levels in the blood and sends signals to correct imbalances • Thyroid Gland • Produces the hormone thyroxine • Too little thyroxine= lazy & lethargic • Too much thyroxine = overactivity, lose weight and sleep • Adrenal Glands • Become active when you are angry or frightened • Release epinephrine and norepinephrine (aka adrenaline and noradrenaline) • Raise in heartbeat and breathing rate • Heighten emotions of fear / anxiety • Also release cortical steroids • Help muscles develop • Tell liver to release stored sugar for emergencies • Sex glands • Testes and ovaries • Testosterone in men= growth of muscle, bones, development of male characteristics • Estrogen/ Progesterone in women= regulate reproductive cycle, and development of female characteristics

  4. Hormone vs Neurotransmitter • Ex. Norepinephrine • Hormone= released into the bloodstream • Neurotransmitter= released directly next to the cell it is affecting • Timing • Neurotransmitters = thousandths of a second • Hormones = can take up to minutes

  5. Heredity and Environment(Nature vs Nurture) • Heredity- genetic transmission from parents to offspring • Genes- the basic building blocks of heredity. • Twins • Identical twins- came from 1 fertilized egg (Monozygotic) genetically identical • Fraternal twins- 2 separate eggs were fertilized. Genes are no more similar than brothers or sisters. • What happens when identical twins are separated at birth and raised in two different environments? • Is athletic ability learned or inherited? • Can it be learned?

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