Infusing Diversity into the Curriculum March 11, 2011

1. Infusing Diversity into the CurriculumMarch 11, 2011 Connie Schroeder Center for Instructional and Professional Development Anj Petto Biological Science

2. WHY INCLUSIVE UW System EXCELLENCE? Inclusive Excellence represents a shift not in the essence of our work but how we approach it and carry it out. Above all, Inclusive Excellence asks us to actively manage diversity as a vital and necessary asset of collegiate life rather than as an external problem.

3. Success in IE will look like: Improved campus climates that provide a strong, abiding sense of belonging and community for all UW students Better alignment and cohesiveness between diversity efforts and other institutional initiatives, particularly those that focus on excellence in undergraduate education Greater numbers of UW students who possess the requisite multicultural competencies they need to navigate an increasingly diverse democracy

4. Our Session: Part 1 – 10-11:30 Assessment 30 minutes • What is meant by infusion, diversity, and curriculum? • What examples or models, both here at UWM and beyond, can help us understand and imagine infusion at a curricular or course level?

5. Visioning Exercise 60 minutes • What should UWM look like in 5 years? • Please brainstorm your visions/priorities. • Each session will have chart-size Post-it pads to use for this brainstorming exercise. To prioritize (as part of closing out this session), please post items on your brainstormed list on the wall using the chart-size Post-it wall pads, and then ask everyone to use the small Post-its (write numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. on them) to post on the wall by the brainstormed items of their choice.

6. Visioning Questions: • What would infusion in the curriculum look like? • What types of strategies, new collaborations, and recommendations would help move forward UWM forward in infusing diversity into the curriculum in the next 5 years? • Why is infusion happening, or not, in the curriculum – what are the real challenges and obstacles and what is working? • What would be the benchmarks or milestones that help us know we are getting there?

7. Part II - Break, 15 minutes –11:30 a.m. – 11:45 a.m. Next Steps, 90 minutes – 11:45 a.m. -1:15 p.m. • How do you organize your visions into 3-4 priority areas? • What strategic steps do we need to take to accomplish these visions/priorities? Wrap-Up, 15 minutes 1:15-1:30 p.m. • finalize discussion and put outcomes of Visioning/Priorities and Next Steps on flip chart papers.

8. Our Output: Infusion Looks Like (5 yrs.) 60 minutes Recommended Strategies Obstacles/challenges Benchmarks/milestones

9. Framing our dialogue:Definitions What do we mean by: • Infuse? • Curriculum? • Diversity?

10. Infuse vs. diffuse? infuse diffuse 1. to pour out and spread, as a fluid. 2. to spread or scatter widely or thinly; disseminate. 3. Physics . to spread by diffusion. –verb (used without object) 4. to spread. 5. Physics . to intermingle by diffusion. –adjective 6. characterized by great length or discursiveness in speech or writing; wordy. 7. widely spread or scattered; dispersed. 8. Botany . widely or loosely spreading. 9. Optics . (of reflected light) scattered, as from a rough surface ( opposed to specular). • to introduce, as if by pouring; cause to penetrate; instill (usually followed by into ): The energetic new principal infused new life into the school. • 2. to imbue or inspire (usually followed by with ): The new coach infused the team with enthusiasm. • 3. to steep or soak (leaves, bark, roots, etc.) in a liquid so as to extract the soluble properties or ingredients. • 4. Obsolete . to pour in.

11. Diversity? UW System IE DIVERSITY: Individual differences (e.g. personality, learning styles, and life experiences) and group/social differences (e.g. race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, country of origin, and ability as well as cultural, political, religious, or other affiliations) that can be engaged in the service of learning.

12. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the debate is not whether to do it, but how. • Although many terms over the years have been used, such as multiculturalism, multicultural education, and ethnic studies, the term diversity will be used here. • A more encompassing term, diversity is meant to represent all perspectives from groups that have traditionally been excluded from or insufficiently examined in the curriculum. -ALMA R. CLAYTON-PEDERSEN | CARYN MCTIGHE MUSIL

13. Levels of “curriculum” • A. Institutional • Shared values and learning outcomes • General education outcomes/Cultures and Communities • Course requirements for all students • Assessment • Policy (syllabus, religious holidays, behavior, access) • B. Departmental/Programs • Program outcomes • Assessments • C. Courses: Multiple strategies, models and examples to follow

14. Rationale for Infusing Diversity • Calls for inclusion stem from the argument that a singular, Eurocentric perspective has had negative consequences for individual students and for the larger society. • Proponents of diversity in higher education argue that excluding diverse perspectives in the curriculum has truncated students' learning, leaving them ill-prepared to function in an increasingly diverse democracy. • The very purpose of higher education–to deepen students' understanding of what is known, how it has come to be known, and how to build on previous knowledge to create new knowledge–is thus undermined by eliminating the voices of those whose experiences differ from those traditionally represented. • http://www.education.com/reference/article/multiculturalism-in-higher-education/

15. Mission of Higher Education? • If students graduate with the ability to think critically, act responsibly, and negotiate borders that might otherwise divide, then higher education will come closer to meeting its historic mission of not only advancing knowledge, but contributing to stable, more equitable democratic societies.

16. Value • Different diversity experiences appear to positively and significantly influence growth in critical thinking during college. • Students experienced growth in critical thinking if they participated in meaningful discussions with the potential to encounter challenging and new ideas about the perspectives and experiences of people culturally different from themselves. • Racially oriented diversity experiences were particularly important for enhancing critical thinking of white students. • (National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and Assessment)

17. In a longitudinal study of 4,403 college students attending nine public universities it was reported that students who have an opportunity to take a diversified curriculum by the second year of college scored higher on 19 of 25 outcomes of the study. • The strongest effects of diversity courses were evident on complex thinking skills, retention, cultural awareness, interest in social issues, the importance of creating social awareness, and support for institutional diversity initiatives.

18. The world our graduates face • In a survey conducted for the Association of American Colleges and Universities, more that 60 percent of employers polled said recent graduates lacked the skills to succeed in a global economy (Fischer, 2007). • Committee for Economic Development, a nonprofit group of business and academic leaders, noted that demand for graduates with strong international skills was outstripping supply (Fischer, 2007).

19. Infusing through Learning Outcomes –AAC&U Learning OutcomesIntercultural Knowledge and Competence • Intercultural Knowledge and Competence is "a set of cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills and characteristics that support effective and appropriate interaction in a variety of cultural contexts.” • (Bennett, J. M. 2008. Transformative training: Designing programs for culture learning. In Contemporary leadership and intercultural competence: Understanding and utilizing cultural diversity to build successful organizations, ed. M. A. Moodian, 95-110. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.) • http://www.aacu.org/value/rubrics/InterculturalKnowledge.cfm

20. Institutional Curricular Level:All students – one course • The most common model, surfacing at 68 percent of the AAC&U survey respondents, asks students to take one diversity course among many offerings.

21. UWM Current General Education Requirement • CULTURAL DIVERSITY:Three credits in a course relating to the study of life experiences of African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians or Asian Americans. Many, but not all, courses which satisfy Cultural Diversity also satisfy one of the required distribution areas. (You will need to satisfy this requirement if you started attending UWM in fall 1989 or thereafter.) http://www4.uwm.edu/current_students/ger_information/index.cfm

22. UWM Cultures and Communities Certificate Requirements • Students must complete 15 credits of Cultures and Communities courses in order to complete the certificate: 3 credits in a section of the required CC core course in addition to 12 credits in CC approved courses. In addition to coursework students must engage in 15-20 hours of community engagement through a Service Learning experience. • The summary below outlines the five areas of the CC Certificate distribution requirements: • Area 1 (core course): Multicultural America (3 credits). Currently offered as English 150, History 150, or Women's Studies 150 (satisfies Humanities and Cultural Diversity GER requirements); Anthropology 150, Sociology 150, or Urban Studies 150 (satisfies Social Sciences and Cultural Diversity GER requirements); or Film 150 or Art 150 (Peck School of the Arts; satisfies Arts and Cultural Diversity GER requirements); Urban Planning 350 (School of Architecture and Urban Planning). • Area 2: Cultures and Communities of the United States (3 credits). Issues and methods in the comparative study of cultures and communities of the U.S. May be fulfilled by appropriate accredited GER or Cultural Diversity courses in any discipline, school, or college. Students may also opt to take a second MA 150 course in another discipline to satisfy their area 2 requirement. • Area 3: Global Perspectives on Culture and Community: (3 credits). Issues and methods in the comparative study of cultures and communities outside North America and Europe. May be fulfilled by appropriate accredited GER courses in any discipline, school, or college or through an appropriate study abroad experience. • Area 4: Art, Culture, and Community: (3 credits). May be fulfilled by courses that relate the theory and production of art (dance, music, visual arts, film, and theater) to cultural and community contexts. Restricted to courses in the Peck School of the Arts except through special petition. • Area 5: Science, Culture, and Society: (3 credits). Includes courses that examine how scientific knowledge may be understood in relation to issues in culture and society. May be fulfilled by enrollment in classes with a Natural Sciences or Social Sciences accreditation. http://www4.uwm.edu/cc/students/certificate.cfm

23. Reflection • Is this our vision? • What will the current infusion of diversity look like in 5 years given these efforts?

24. Infusing the curriculum through “course requirements” AAC&U's survey: • 78 percent of colleges responding from the West had diversity requirements • 68 percent of those in the Middle States (Mid-Atlantic) region • 60 percent in the North Central region By contrast, only • 45 percent of the institutions in the New England region had diversity requirements in 2000, • 36 percent of those in the South • 35 percent in the Northwest.

25. 2000 Progress in U.S. according to AAC&U • Sixty-three percent of colleges and universities reported either having a diversity requirement in place or being in the process of developing one. • Fifty-four percent of survey respondents had diversity requirements in place • another 8 percent were in the process of establishing them.

26. General Courses: Curricular Level • Of course, general education courses cannot carry the intellectual and moral weight of accomplishing all this in one required course, or even in a sequenced series of courses. • Each institution needs to take a holistic look at the entire curriculum, the interrelationship between general education and the major, the cumulative kinds of developmental experiences a student might have in progressing towards a degree, and the increasingly complex and demanding questions students are able to pose and answer as they are challenged to use their new knowledge and civic, intercultural capacities to address real-world problems.

27. Course level infusion of diversity Models and examples Inclusive Excellence represents a shift not in the essence of our work but how we approach it and carry it out.

28. Course Levels of Infusion-Visioninghttp://www.asjmc.org/resources/diversity_booklet/5_curriculum.pdf • 1. Stand-alone diversity courses. “While offering such courses certainly emphasizes the importance we place on understanding the role of diversity in modern society, there is a tendency to see diversity in this context as a special topic lying somewhere outside the core principles of journalism.” • 2. Dedicated class sessions on diversity or tied to a textbook chapter on diversity. • “Again, such special treatment can create a sense that this subject matter is an isolated topic, marginalized, taken up in an obligatory bow to political correctness.” • 3. Finding natural points of entry for diversity to be discussed across the curriculum. “It potentially is the more effective approach to ‘doing’ diversity in the classroom…. Diversity is introduced to students in an organic, less self-conscious way that encourages them to cross their own boundaries in search of that untold story.”

29. Common misconceptions • All too often, the common assumption is that only certain classes lend themselves to infusing diversity. • This stems, in part, from limiting the understanding “infusion” to the choice of authors of content.

30. Overemphasis on content strategies • Carr (2007) in her article, “Diversity and Disciplinary Practices, • ” argues that much of the revision work done by faculty has been limited to revising and adding content in courses rather than attending to all four factors. In addition, Carr noted that the diversity ‘agenda’ has been primarily articulated by experts in humanities and social sciences – women’s studies, black and ethnic studies, sociology of education, and feminist psychology.”

31. Four Dynamics of Diversity in Teaching and Learning A framework… Students Course Content Teaching Methods Instructor (Marchesani & Adams)

32. Visioning Course Level Infusion:Diversity Infusion Rubric In Use • Course description and objectives that reflect diversity—How does my discipline help prepare students to live and work in today’s multicultural democracy and interdependent world? • Content integration that includes multiculturalism—What issues of diversity, social justice, and civic engagement are infused in my course curriculum and how? • Instructional resources and materials—Howinclusive are my selected materials? • Faculty and student worldviews and learning styles—Howdo student and faculty worldviews, learning styles, and teaching strategies match, and how are my students’ learning styles accommodated? • Instructional strategies—Howdiversified are my strategies for facilitating instruction and classroom dynamics? • Assessment diversification—Howdo assessment activities accommodate my students’ learning styles?

33. The Faculty dimension includes knowing oneself, being aware of one‟s past socialization, and examining one‟s beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions. • Teaching Methods looks at how we teach, broadening teaching strategies to address multiple learning styles, and developing classroom norms that emphasize respect, fairness and equity. • The Course Content includes what we teach in a curriculum of inclusion that represents diverse perspectives. • The fourth dimension represents the Students and understanding who they are, being sensitive to their various social and cultural backgrounds and the different ways in which they experience the classroom environment.

34. Learning criteria from others: According to Cohn and Mullenix (2007), “a diversity rich curriculum: • 1) Includes other voices – the focus is on the inclusion of writings, speeches, dialogues, films, etc. that originate from people of different social identities, cultural backgrounds, gender, and disabilities; • 2) Communicates interconnectedness - the development of a sense that we are connected to others beyond our immediate experience and geographic area; • 3) Values diversity and equity – embeds information and techniques designed to impart a sense of why diversity and equity are important; and • 4) Promotes transformative thinking – challenges traditional views and assumptions; encourages new ways of thinking; and re-conceptualizes the field in light of new knowledge, scholarship, and new ways of knowing” (p.13).

35. Infusing diversity need not require special knowledge/training • Include diverse images as examples in PowerPoint slides • Example: in social psychology, photo of African American physician on slide covering helping behavior • Highlight research by members of groups that are underrepresented in your field • Example: in research methods, select article by female scientist whenever possible; usually include photo of the researcher on slide • Use diverse names/themes on test questions • Example: Alex and Tom feel passion and intimacy toward each other but they cannot foresee themselves committing to each other because both believe that commitment means marriage and their state does not recognize same-sex marriages. Sternberg’s triangular theory would characterize their love as a.romantic. b. fatuous. c. companionate. d. empty. Leslie Ashburn-Nardo, Department of Psychology IUPUI

36. Infusing diversity need not take time away from standard curriculum • Use clips, examples that highlight diversity even when the topic does not involve diversity per se • Examples • “A Girl Like Me” (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17fEy0q6yqc) to teach about cultural influences on attraction in social psychology course • Madera, J.M., Hebl, M.R., & Martin, R. C. (2009). Gender and letters of recommendation for academia: Agentic and communal differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1591-1599, to teach about structure of empirical articles in research methods course • Leslie Ashburn-Nardo, Department of Psychology IUPUI

37. Natural Points of Entry Strategies • Interaction with individuals of various backgrounds in the community. This can be done in several ways, simple observation, reaching out to the community, involvement in cultural activities in the area (Greekfests, visiting a Senior Center or Nursing Home, attending a religious service of a faith different than yours, helping feed the homeless, doing a good deed without telling the person you did it, and so on). • Small group activities or discussions with results being brought back to the entire group.

38. Natural Points of Entry: Assignment Strategies of Infusion • Student research into diverse people who have made important contribution to a particular field, for example, women or people of color who have made a significant impact on a science discipline such as chemistry, physics, biology, math, etc. • Student research into how a discipline is taught in different countries. For example, how is math taught in India, or in Japan? • Research papers on various topics related to diversity. -Dr. Bonnie A. Gray; Dr. Paul N. Grocoff 7 September 2007 University of York, United Kingdom

39. Natural Points of Entry Examples: • The basic broadcasting course discusses the rise of ethnic channels such as the Black Entertainment Network and Telemundo for Hispanic audiences. • Students in an advertising sales course discuss ads that target minors, minorities and other special audiences. • Students in a media writing course do articles on diversity issues such as physical access for disabled persons on campus and the views of female Islamic students regarding women’s issues. • An advanced reporting course is paired with a Spanish Conversation and Translation course to interview and write articles for the local Hispanic community. • Corporate communication students learn that increased sales and market share are enhanced by implementing diversity plans throughout an organization.

40. Natural Points of Entry StrategiesContent and Activities/pedagogy • Readings about topics in diversity or readings by diverse authors, followed by class discussion or a paper. • Guest speakers – always followed by an opportunity for questions and answers. Make sure you set guidelines for having guest speakers. • Using newspapers or TV news to bring up diversity issues within current events. • Class activities. There are a whole host of activities you can have students do which teaches them different aspects of diversity. There are workbooks available that provide lots of different options that you can use directly or modify for your classroom. • Dr. Bonnie A. Gray; Dr. Paul N. Grocoff 7 September 2007 University of York, United Kingdom

41. Assigment Strategies of Infusion • Group (or individual) class presentations on particular diversity topics; can be done in various formats: debates (where students need to take opposite viewpoints on a particular topic), panel presentations, student PowerPoint presentations, and so forth. • Exploring diversity on the Internet (both the positive and the negative aspects of diversity). • Diversity portfolios, where students build a portfolio over the module of a semester on a particular topic, or on several topics related to diversity and the subject matter

42. MARICOPY COURSE INFUSION EXAMPLES • Anthropology • Art Business • Communication • Counseling • Economics • Education • Engineering • English • Health Science • History • Humanities • Legal Studies • Mathematics • Nursing • Performing Arts • Philosophy • Physical Education • Political Science • Psychology • Reading • Religion • Science • Sociology http://www.maricopa.edu/diversityinfusion/COUR.HTM

43. UWM Anj Pett0:

44. Maricopa: Intermediate Algebra INFUSION: (MAT120 & MAT122) • ABSTRACT OF DIVERSITY INFUSION WITHIN COURSE:I implemented a mathematics project at the intermediate/college algebra level that infuses diversity of world views. • This project asked students to model world population growth, density of population in terms of arable surface area, and depletion of non-renewable resources, using exponential and logarithmic functions. A total of 50+ students in three different classes were assigned this project during the Fall semester of 2002. Students were asked to analyze geographical data for 8 different countries of the world with widely varying physical geographies, cultures, and political, socio-economic, and technological conditions. The eight countries were Bangledesh, Brazil, China, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, and the United States. For each country students computed values

45. Natural Points of Entry-example • A media ethics professor wrote in a self-study about incorporating a discussion of racist hoaxes into a broader discussion about manipulations of media. He wrote, • “My students don’t know we’re covering diversity. We do not cover diversity from a political view. We approach it through journalism – as an aspect of our jobs….Embrace diversity as an aspect of good journalism. Our goal is sharpening perceptions and deepening consciences.”

46. BIOLOGY INFUSION:ABSTRACT OF DIVERSITY INFUSION WITHIN COURSE: • BIO 160 Introduction to Anatomy and PhysiologySince this course deals with anatomical structures and their functions, we focused on the prevalence of diseases common to different racial, ethnic, cultural and religious groups. • Each student evaluated his/her own family background and medical history to determine if there was a common illness or practice among family members. They chose a topic based on that or a different topic that was appealing to them. • Throughout the semester, the topics were presented during the appropriate body system to promote awareness and cohesion of the course competencies. Students submitted a written report at the time of their oral presentation.

47. On the first day of class, the topic of diversity was introduced and discussed in a lecture form. After explaining to the students that diversity issues would be discussed throughout the semester, the students were asked to offer their opinions and thoughts relating to diversity. An interactive discussion was conducted until it was clear to all students the purpose of the diversity project.

48. CHEMISTRY: ABSTRACT OF DIVERSITY INFUSION WITHIN COURSE Women are poorly represented in Chemistry. • For students, 52% of undergraduates in 1997 were women but only 37% of undergraduates in chemistry were female (Royal Society of Chemistry report). If this trend continues, there won' t be parity for men and women till 2070. • Infusing diversity into the CHM 130 curriculum helps achieve a better balance between males and females in CHM 130. • infusing two aspects of diversity, gender, and geographical region into the curriculum, wherein students participated in gathering information on the biographies and contributions of European women to the field of chemistry. • Students presented their work in the form of Power points. This was followed by written reports on the reasons for the underrepresentation of women in chemistry.

49. Engineering • We began the engineering workshop by asking faculty members to think about engineering's potential and limits in addressing social problems. A primary focus was the issue of technology's unintended consequences. • After introducing the concepts of power and privilege, we discussed the example of the Toyota Prius. Engineers designed the Prius to be extremely quiet--so quiet that it poses a danger to vision-impaired people, who cannot hear it. Vision-impaired people are now asking the automotive industry to design automobiles that have minimum noise levels. • Other unintended consequences include the impingement on Native American fishing rights caused by hydroelectric dams and the rampant consumerism driven by engineering's focus on creating new products. We also examined two case studies that faculty members can utilize to explore the complex issues of privilege, power, and difference in relation to engineering: the Manhattan Project and Hurricane Katrina.

50. CHEMISTRY INFUSION: ASSIGNMENT A. The first project involved student Power point presentations (oral) of the biographies and contributions of women chemists. To name a few: • Marie Curie • Eva Curie • Irene-Joliot Curie: 1, 2, 3. The Curies' struggles and valuable contributions to nuclear chemistry was highlighted . • Lise Meitner, the woman whom Einstein called 'The German Madame Curie' (a high honour indeed: both to be praised by Einstein, and to be compared to Curie) was always unassuming. Students find out that In 1992, Element 109 was named "Meitnerium" (Mt) in her honour. Her work led directly to the possibility of nuclear weapons, but Meitner would have no part in building a weapon of such destructive force. She went to great lengths to distance herself from the negative possibilities her discoveries created. • Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin determined the structure of insulin in 1969. Students are amazed to learn that this culminated a study pursued over three decades. The details of the structure provided insight into the function of this vital hormone. • Rosalind Franklin The students learn that Rosalind Franklin obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA. They found that Franklin died of ovarian cancer which was quite possibly caused by exposure to radiation in the course of her research.