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Vocatives & Imperatives

Vocatives & Imperatives. Hey you! Do this!. Vocative Case. Used for direct address Quintus , where are you? Quinte , ubi es? Metella , look at the city! Metella , ecce urbs! Salvius , give me a house! Salv ī , villam mihi da! Most are the same as nominative

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Vocatives & Imperatives

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  1. Vocatives & Imperatives Hey you! Do this!

  2. Vocative Case • Used for direct address • Quintus, where are you? Quinte, ubi es? • Metella, look at the city! Metella, ecce urbs! • Salvius, give me a house! Salvī, villam mihi da! • Most are the same as nominative • 2nd declension singular has different endings • us becomes –e Quintus  Quinte • ius becomes –ī Claudius  Claudī

  3. Give the vocatives for each: Rufilla  feminae  Barbille  servi  filī (must have long mark)  filia  mercatores  amice  Aristo  Salvī  Cogidubne Rufilla feminae Barbillus servi filius filia mercatores amicus Aristo Salvius Cogidubnus

  4. Imperatives • Used for commands. • Take 2nd pp, chop off infinitive ending, add imperative ending.

  5. Give the imperatives (sing and pl): laudare – to praise docēre – to teach mittere – to send dormire – to sleep portare – to carry tacēre – to be quiet agere – to do custodire – to guard • laudā, laudate– praise! • docē, docete– teach! • mitte, mittite– send! • dormī, dormite– sleep! • portā, portate– carry! • tacē, tacete– be quiet! • age, agite– do! • custodī, custodite– guard!

  6. Irregular Imperatives • A handful of verbs are weird (surprise, surprise – you knew there would be some) • Memorize these 4 verbs: duc! ducite! – Lead! (from duco, ducere) dic! dicite! – Tell! Say! (from dico, dicere) fer! ferte! – Bring! Carry! (from fero, ferre) fac! facite! – Do! Make! (from facio, facere)

  7. Negative Imperatives • Negative commands = don’t do something • Use the imperative of nolo + infinitive of the verb you don’t want them to do. • nolī dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to 1 person) nolite dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to more than 1) • nolī clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to 1 person) nolite clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to more than 1)

  8. Give the negative imperatives cantare – to sing amittere – to lose garrire – to gossip • noli cantare– don’t sing! • nolitecantare– don’t sing! • noli amittere– don’t lose! • noliteamittere– don’t lose! • noligarrire– don’t gossip! • nolitegarrire– don’t gossip!

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