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Pioneer Life in the Young State. Texas History Chapters 13 and 14. Population Growth. Between the Battle of San Jacinto and annexation, the Texas population tripled . Abandoned homes in the South would be marked with GTT, “Gone to Texas.”. Population Growth.
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Pioneer Life in the Young State Texas History Chapters 13 and 14
Population Growth • Between the Battle of San Jacinto and annexation, the Texas population tripled. • Abandoned homes in the South would be marked with GTT, “Gone to Texas.”
Population Growth • Settlers obtained land under the Homestead Act by living on the land. • Most Texas pioneers either farmed or raised livestock.
Agriculture • Most Texans made their living in agriculture. • Most Mexican Americans in Texas worked as ranchers and farmers. They obtained land under Texas’ land policy.
Agriculture • Getting into the cattle business was relatively easy because of the wild cattle herds.
Agriculture • Crops sold to raise money are called cash crops. • Cottonwas the leading cash crop.
Agriculture • Crops used on the farm where they are raised are called subsistence crops. • Corn was the chief subsistence crop.
Agriculture • City of Jefferson was the main outlet for cotton grown in Northeast Texas • Steamboats went from Jefferson to Louisiana.
Transportation • Early travel was difficult. • Steamboatsoperated on major rivers and went to Houston on the Buffalo Bayou.
Transportation • Some roads had been Native American trails. • Stagecoach was popular but expensive way to travel.
Education • Houstonwas the only city during the time of the Republic to have a public school.
New Jobs • The development of towns resulted in more jobs for people in various trades. • One of the 1st telegraph lines in Texas was built between Houston and Galveston.
Slavery Continues • The development of plantations contributed to an increase in enslaved people.
Slavery Continues • African Americans included 30% of the 1840s Texas population. • Brazoria County had one of the largest populations of enslaved people.
Slavery Continues • The Whig political party strongly opposed slavery. • Racism is the belief that some races are superior and some are inferior.
Free African Americans • Mary Madison wanted to live in Texas as a free person even though she was African American. • She filed a petition with the Texas Legislature to remain in Texas.
Immigrants • The American Party wanted to restrict the rights of immigrants. • Most European immigrants to Texas came from Germany.
Immigrants • New Braunfels was one of the largest towns establish by German immigrants in the 1840s.
Immigrants • Theimmigration company, Adelsverien,brought Germans to Texas. They left Germany due to poverty, heavy taxes and political problems.
Immigrants • The potato blight that struck Ireland in the 1840s also struck Germany.
New Religions • The Texas Constitution of 1836 guaranteed freedom of religion. In 1853, the first Jewish services were held in Galveston.
New State Government • Writing a constitution was one of the 1st actions in setting up the Texas state government. • Texas still had problems with debt.
Native Americans • Texas still had problems with Native American raids. • The Texas reservation system for Native Americans never was successful.
Native Americans • In1989, Texans recognized the Kickapoos as a sovereign nation.
Tejanos • Tejanos are Texans of Mexican descent. • Jose Antonio Navarro was a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico.
Problems with Mexico • Mexico still refused to recognize Texas as independent. • Mexico considered the Nueces River the southern border of Texas.
Problems with Mexico • Mexico was insulted by Texas’ annexation by the United States.
War with Mexico • Continued U.S. westward expansion led to conflict with Mexico. • John Slidell was sent to negotiate with the Mexican government over western lands and boundaries.
War with Mexico • War was declared when troops clashed at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. • U.S. forces were better equipped and better led than the Mexican forces.
War with Mexico • Former Texas President Mirabeau Lamar was an officer in the U.S. Army. • Texas Rangersserved as army scouts.
War with Mexico • Zachary Taylor defeated a Mexican army led by Santa Anna at Buena Vista in February 1847. • General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City in September 1847.
Guadalupe-Hidalgo • In the Treaty, Mexico surrendered, or ceded, all territory between Texas and the Pacific Ocean. • Mexican Cession
Civil Rights • Juan Cortina was known as a protector of the rights of Mexicans and Tejanos.
