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Argonne National Laboratory - Jan 11, 2013

Instrumentation Frontier Community Meeting – Snowmass Process 2013. GEM Upgrade for CMS F orward M uon S ystem Marcus Hohlmann (an IF-EF liaison for gaseous detectors) Florida Institute of Technology. Argonne National Laboratory - Jan 11, 2013. MOTIVATION & INTRODUCTION.

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Argonne National Laboratory - Jan 11, 2013

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  1. Instrumentation Frontier Community Meeting – Snowmass Process 2013 GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon SystemMarcus Hohlmann(an IF-EF liaison for gaseous detectors)Florida Institute of Technology Argonne National Laboratory - Jan 11, 2013

  2. MOTIVATION & INTRODUCTION GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  3. Premise for CMS GEM upgrade • CMS was designed with a “hermetic and redundant muon system” – Joe Incandela, CERN “Higgs Discovery” Event, 7/4/12 • But: CMS currently has the least redundancy in the most challenging muon region, i.e. at |η| > 1.6: • Bakelite RPCs descoped in high-η region (lack of rate capability); • only Cathode Strip Chambers currently present • Long-term functioning of the muon system into LHC Phase II (beyond Long LHC Shutdown 3) is of vital interest for CMS. Use Phase I to evaluate muon technology for Phase II. • The high-ηmuon region in particular will need robust and redundant tracking and triggering at the anticipated increasingly higher muon rates • Additional muon detectors with high spatial and temporal • resolution in the high-η endcap region could bring benefits • in triggering, reconstruction, and ID for muons: → GEMs GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  4. CMS GEM Endcap Chambers The currently un-instrumented high- RPC region of the muon endcaps presents an opportunity for instrumentation with a detector technology that could sustain the radiation environment long-termand be suitable for operation at the LHC and its future upgrades into Phase II: GEM Detectors GE1/1 in nose of first Endcap Yoke GE3/1 GE4/1 GE1/1 simulation geometry CMS Detector GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  5. Integration into CMS Installation sequence: Four superchambers in their final position on endcap yoke Superchamber (Two Triple-GEMs) Mounting on yoke disk A. Conde Garcia GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  6. Expected Benefits for Reconstruction & Trigger Expected gains in momentum resolution at high-pT Staving off looming muon trigger inefficiencies at high- Simulation Expected CSC inefficiency at PU=400due to Cathode LCT - Anode LCT timing mismatching for one GEM station A. Safonov (Texas A&M) Acceptance impact:  distribution of 4 muons in H → ZZ → 4µ 1.6<<2.4 M. Maggi (Bari) – GEM Workshop 3 Strip Readout granularity: # GEM strips / # RPC strips (orig. TDR) Paolo Giacomelli (Bologna) & Markus Klute (MIT) – GEM Workshop 3 GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  7. CONSTRUCTION OF FULL-SIZE GEM PROTOTYPES GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  8. Evolution - GEM foil stretching Current state-of-the-art: Self-stretching assembly sans spacers (CERN) Readout PCB Tightening the horizontal screws tensions the GEMs & seals gas volume GEMs Drift electrode Detector base pcb only glue joint in assembly Allows re-opening of assembled detector for repairs if needed. 2012 R. De Oliveira, CMS-GEM/RD51Workshops CERN & U. Gent GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  9. 3rdGE1/1 Prototype: “Self-Stretched - Sans Spacer” No spacers in active volume GEM foil with inner & outer frame GEM foil in inner frame assembly GEM tensioning base pcb with drift electrode Vias for strips sealed w/ kapton compact HV divider -sector with 384 radial readout strips (12.4 cm long) HV noise filters CERN 2012 Chamber closed by readout board with Panasonic connectors for frontend electronics Inside of readout board with O-ring seal GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  10. Full-size GE1/1 Detector Prototypes • GEM active area: 990 mm  (220-445) mm • Single-mask technology • 1D radial strip read-out with 3 8 128 = 3,072 channels • 35HV sectors • 3/1/2/1 mm gap sizes • Gas mixtures: • Ar/CO2 (70:30; 90:10) • Ar/CO2/CF4 (45:15:40; 60:20:20) • Gas flow≈ 5 l/h New self-stretching technique has been applied to the full-size CMS GE1/1 GEMs 4 prototypes produced & tested at CERN in 2012 1 prototype to be assembled & tested at Fl. Tech in early 2013 5-8 new final prototypes to be produced for installation of 4 during first LHC long shutdown (LS1) GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  11. Next: No Gluing & PEEK frame Panasonic readout connector Readout PCB On-foil protection resistors Outer frame GEM foils Use O-ring to seal outer frames to drift plane; removes ALL glue joints Now PEEK Inner frame Drift Board As a lot of dust was released when inserting screws into FR4 frames; CERN has replaced FR4 by PEEK for inner frames. PEEK is one of the best polymers in terms of: -radiation tolerance -mechanical properties -outgassing -chemical resistance Rui De Oliveira GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  12. LHC Long Shutdown 1 Integration & Installation of 2 GE1/1 superchambers = 4 GE1/1 chambers Measure in situ: • Rates, Background/Noise, Stability, Uniformity, Efficiency • Spatial resolution • In actual high-η environment • In actual magnetic field ME2/1 P5 CAVERN UXC GE2/1 Objective: Participate in CRAFT 2014 CMS Proposed to CMS Upgrade Management Proof of Concept YOKE ME1/1 4 GE1/1 GEM chambers in LS1 • Split signal to CSC and participate in CMS muon trigger and reconstruction • Install new pre-production trigger motherboards on chambers that overlap with GEMs • Prove that the electronics design is working and demonstrate in situ that we can operate CSC TMB with GEM input in various operating regimes • Reduce CSC X-Y ambiguity and ghosts • Once we go back to beam operations, demonstrate the above again, this time measuring muon trigger rates and efficiency with and without GEMs. GE1/1 GE1/1 ME1/1 GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  13. GEM DAQ Prototype System for LS1 DAQ also with link to new CSC Trigger Mother Board Gigabit Link Interface Boards P. Aspell GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  14. CURRENT R&D:ZIGZAG STRIP READOUT GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  15. Previous Work @ BNL Previous exp. studies show <100 µm resolution with 2 mmstrip pitch is possible: Zigzag strips: y ava-lanche BNL x (measured coordinate) Concept: • Charge sharing among adjacent strips allows quite sensitive position-interpolation in x-direction • We are sacrificing the measurement of the 2nd coord. (y) to gain precision in the 1st coord. (x) • CMS GE x/1 detectors are currently intended for 1D-coordinate measurements, so the zigzag approach is applicable to these detectors GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL HEP Division Seminar, ANL - Marcus Hohlmann 7/24/2012 15

  16. Zigzag strips vs. straight strips & Can reduce # of readout channels (and electronics cost) by 70% of current design Improve resolution by factor 3-4 A “figure of merit”: 3.33 × 3.75 = 12.5 ~ Potential for order of magnitude improvement over current design  Well worth a try! GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  17. R&D: Zigzag strips to reduce readout channel count while maintaining high spatial resolution @ FIT Stand. CERN 10cm × 10cm Triple-GEM Gas gain 55Fe spectrum CAD Design by C. Pancake, Stony Brook 2 mm 2 mm GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  18. 2012 CMS/RD51 beam test @ SPS Zigzag Resolution = /2 = 73 µm preliminary preliminary 150 GeV/c µ &  beams June 2012 M. Staib (FIT) looking for hit in 5mm window centered on track M. Staib (Fl. Tech) GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  19. Next steps for zigzag r/o • Develop successively larger zigzag strip readout boards: • 30cm × 30cm (Detector already assembled) • 100cm × 45cm CMS GE1/1 • GE2/1 prototype? (1.5-2m long) • Test performance • Spatial resolution in magnetic field • Timing resolution achievable with analog readout GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  20. Some thoughts on… THE “bigger picture” GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  21. GEM Evolution: Problems & Solution Problem: Solution: → First MPGDs invented: high readout granularities with microstrips and small pads lowering occupancies → Move avalanches away from materials (microstrips) towards empty space (hole): Gas Electron Multiplier → Distribute gain over several elements: Double-GEMs, Triple-GEMs • Experiments to face high rates at LHC (HERA-B) • Aging encountered in original Micro-Strip Gas Counters (MSGC’s) • MPGDs show sizable spark rates GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  22. GEM Evolution: Problems & Solution Problem: Solution: → Develop single-mask production process; allows large-area GEMs (currently up to 1m) → Devise “self-stretching sans spacer” assembly technique (CMS GEMs) → Ditto… → Upgrade CERN workshop • GEM detector size limited to ~ 40cm × 40cm by alignment of two masks during production • Detector construction using external stretching of GEM foils and epoxy glue (curing time) slows down assembly • Spacers eat into GEM detector acceptance • Rising demand for foils NB: ALL solutions so far have basically come from CERN; US by far not a leader! GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  23. GEM Evolution: Problems & Solution Problem: (Future) Solution: → Scalable Readout System → Zigzag strips? → Frontend electronics with much higher chan. integration (à la KPiX); could we do, say, 4k ch. on a single chip!? → Work directly with industry? Involve NL’s? → Ditto; joint ventures between industry & HEP beyond SBIRs? • Large-area GEM detectors, e.g. in muon systems, require large number of electronics channels and big DAQ systems  rising cost • One dimension of chambers limited by width of Cu-Kapton foil base material (~60cm) • Industrial foil production notoriously problematic (Tech Etch, New Flex) GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  24. Brainstorming for “2020” • In a phone meeting, someone asked the important question “Can MPGDs complement silicon as vertex/tracking detectors in highest-rate environments to save cost?” Electron-Ion Collider detector designs in NP • Can we automate chamber assembly(use robotics)? Cheaply mass-produce a “standard” large-area GEM detector (akin to the CERN standard 10cm × 10cm GEM detectors used for R&D)? • Can we marry commercial flexible foil circuits and GEM foil technology? Put cheap surface mount readout electronics directly on r/o strip foil or on a GEM foil? => Save chip bonding, connectors, cables, i.e. cost. (see also Julia Thom’s talk on novel technology in EF sessions) • Can we make MPGDs much more attractive to commercial applications (medical imaging, homeland security,...) so we can get cheap industrial mass production going? GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

  25. Thank you for your time! GEM Upgrade for CMS Forward Muon System - M. Hohlmann, Snowmass IF meeting, ANL

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