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Quick Write

Quick Write. Today, where do people go to discuss issues that face society? (For example, where can people go to talk about how things that they don’t like about our government/school/society) Generally speaking, describe the people that primarily take part in these discussions? .

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Quick Write

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  1. Quick Write • Today, where do people go to discuss issues that face society? (For example, where can people go to talk about how things that they don’t like about our government/school/society) • Generally speaking, describe the people that primarily take part in these discussions?

  2. Quick Write:Describe 4 details from this picture? What can you infer from this image? (Predict when and where this is taking place)

  3. Salon • This gathering is known as a Salon. It’s where French intellectuals (or Philosophes) would gather to discuss current events and how to improve France. • It occurred during the 1700s in a period known as the Enlightenment • This image takes place at Marie-Therese Geoffrin’shouse. • She was one of the most influential of all salon hostesses.

  4. Salons: • Salons – gatherings where thinkers (Philosophes) discuss ideas • During the Enlightenment Paris became the center of intellectual thought during the 1700s

  5. Are today’s SALONS the same?

  6. The Enlightenment 1600-1700’s Enlightenment – REASON AND THOUGHT

  7. Enlightenment • The Enlightenment was a Cultural and INTELLECTUAL movement during the 1700s in Europe and America where people (philosophes) tried to use REASON (instead of tradition or faith) to improve and change society. Why did I highlight LIGHT?

  8. The Philosophes • Philosophes – (Is French for philosophers) • The intellectuals of France that used reason to study many areas of societyduring the Enlightenment (Mid 1700s). In other words, these are people that thought about French society and looked for ways to improve it. • Value reason, nature, happiness, progress, liberty Philosophes sitting around discussing society.

  9. 5 Goals of Philosophes: • Reason: Truth could be discovered through reason & logic • Nature: What was natural was also good and reasonable • Happiness: Urged people to find happiness on Earth—not just in the afterlife as stressed by the church • Progress: Society and humankind could improve • Liberty: That people are deserving of rights/liberties and that the government should protect them.

  10. Thomas Hobbes: Thomas Hobbes’ Social Contract • Hobbes believes humans are “naturally” wicked • “Without government life is Nasty, brutish, and short” • Likes a strong government (monarch) to keep order Thomas Hobbes If he thinks people are naturally evil, what do you think his opinion of democracy is? Leviathan

  11. Hunger Games

  12. Leviathans

  13. John Locke: Says humans are naturally good. Says govt. gets power from the people And should therefore serve the people!! Government should provide the people Life, liberty, and property And if the g’vt denies its citizens L, L, and P then people have a right to overthrow unjust govt.

  14. Social Contract Theory • An agreement (contract) between people in a society to give up certain rights and freedoms to the government for peace, security, and comfort. • Government is the institution that enforces the social contract. Terms of the Contract: • Citizens Must • obey laws • Pay taxes • Vote for government • Government • Protect citizens’ • natural rights. • Govern the nation

  15. Social Contract vs. Home Alone • Pretend that you and your siblings are the citizens of your house. • Which would make your parents, the central authority, the government. • What are some of the things you gain from having your parents around? • What are some of the things you lose out on?

  16. Advantages of having your parents • Cook • Protect you • Drive you to school • Give you money • Etc

  17. You are Home alone • You have perfect freedom

  18. Disadvantages of Having your parents

  19. Gallery Walk: Enlightenment Thinkers • 1.) You are to get into your groups of 4 • 2.) In your groups you are going to observe the different Enlightenment Thinkers posters. • 3.) Read the placard and fill in the corresponding answers in your chart (some of this should be review) • Answer in complete sentences • 4.) When you are finished, silently wait for Mr. Brady to rotate you. • Do not rotate yourself, I will do this. • 5.) You will observe and fill out for all 7 people. • 6.) When we finish all the people, return to your seats and we will go over each of the Enlightenment thinkers. Note how each philosopher influenced our government

  20. Teams: • A: Parker, Alison E, Michael P • B: Kevin, Edward, Taylor, Jenna • C: Hannah, Armando, Antoine, Alessandro • D: Dante, Renzo, Kyra, Alison B • E: Michael G, Lauren, Zac, Julissa • F: Harrison, Jonah, Edison, Andhy • G: Alex B, Denelle, Cesar, Tessa • H: Shane, Becca, John,

  21. The Philosophes: Montesquieu 1.) Baron de Montesquieu • French Writer • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances • Keep one person from running govt. What Government has separation of Powers to try and prevent one person from taking too much power? He heavily influenced America’s Constitution with his views on Separation of Powers Montesquieu

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  23. The US Constitution • James Madison “The father of the Constitution” was heavily influenced by Montesquieu in the organization of the constitution.

  24. 2.) Voltaire • 2.) Voltaire • Publishes works arguing for tolerance, reason, and CIVIL RIGHTS • Believed people should have freedom of speech & religion • Imprisoned twice for views What are Civil Rights? Voltaire “It is dangerous to be right in matters where established men are wrong.”

  25. 3.) Jean-Jacques Rousseau • believed that society corrupted people’s natural goodness • Favors individual freedom, direct democracy • Says people must agree to their government • “The Social Contract” • An agreement among free individuals to create a government Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  26. 4.) CesareBeccaria • Italian Judge • Changes justice system • Calls for speedy trials, greater rights for criminal defendants Beccaria Does our Bill of Rights grant similar rights to individuals who are on trial?

  27. Women and the Enlightenment 5.) Mary Wollstonecraft (Britain) • Views on Women’s Education Change • Advocates for women’s rights • “Need education to be virtuous and useful” • Urges women to fill male jobs • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman(1792) Wollstonecraft

  28. 6. John Locke • All humans deserving of “unalienable Rights” or natural rights • Unalienable: (not to be taken away) • 1.) Life: (your “life can’t be harmed” you need to feel safe. • 2.) Liberty: (freedom to act and think) • 3.) Property: (g’vt can’t take away your possessions, house, car, or even you! • And if g’vt denies you your 3 rights, have a revolution and form a government that will Were the Colonists rights protected?

  29. Locke inspires Jefferson and Declaration of Independence • The Declaration of independence written by Thomas Jefferson, was based off the ideas of John Locke and his views that a government should protect its citizens natural rights.

  30. 7. Thomas Hobbes • People are naturally wicked. • People leave their perfect freedom and enter into a social contract for protection. • Best form of government is one with a strong central power or absolute monarchy. Thomas Hobbes

  31. Wollstonecraft: • Women’s rights: • 19th amendment which granted women the right to vote in 1920

  32. A World of Ideas • Denis Diderot publishes Encyclopedia in 1751 • Set of books to which Enlightenment thinkers contribute essays • Encyclopediahelps spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe Just like today’s Encyclopedias, it contained lots of information

  33. New Artistic Styles • Changes in Music and Literature • Classical music emerges • Mozart, Beethoven • Fiction Novels Beethoven Mozart

  34. Enlightenment and Monarchy • Enlightened Despots • Monarchs who embrace Enlightenment values to strengthen their rule Enlightened Despot

  35. Legacy of the Enlightenment • 1. Belief in Progress • Try to improve society • Revolutions • French and American Revolution • 2. A more Secular (non-religious) outlook • People began to question the religious beliefs • Question the practices of the church (Reformation) • 3. Importance of the individual • Individualism: • Encouraged people to judge what was right or wrong. Reason and Democratic thinking

  36. Quiz for Thursday • Middle Ages: • What was science like back then? • Renaissance: • What was it? How did it change society? • Reformation: • What was it all about? • Key figures? • Results of it? • Scientific Revolution: • What was it? • Key figures? • New Ideas? • Importance? • Enlightenment: • What was it? • Key people? • Importance Know what the people did/believe

  37. Absolutism • Absolutism: The term refers to the period from the 1600’s--1700s when a number of “Absolute Monarchies” held power throughout Europe. • Absolute Monarchs: Kings and Queens that ruled over a country and had ABSOLUTE POWER • Absolute sovereignty, • Controlled ABSOLUTELY every aspect of society.

  38. Absolute Monarchs • Believed they had the right to rule through Divine Right: • Divine Right: That the monarch was destined to rule and that the monarch would act as God’s representative on Earth. The Divinegave the monarch the right to rule absolutely

  39. Reason why Absolute Monarchs came about • In Europe during the 1600’s there was a lot of territorial and religious conflict. • All this conflict led to an unstable society. • Monarchs were given more power as a means to provide stability and order back to a society.

  40. King Louis XIV of France • Best example of an ABSOLUTE MONARCH

  41. Glorious Revolution:

  42. The Glorious Revolution and Limited Monarchy • 1688 England had seen decades of struggle over what institution (religion) should have final authority in the kingdom • English lords and landowners came to a quiet agreement • Did not want the king to dictate them or for him to be Catholic

  43. Glorious Revolution in England • A group of English noblemen invited the Dutch leader, William of Orange who was married to James’s Protestant daughter to come to England • They arrived in 1688 with an army, James II and his wife and infant son fled to France • No bloodshed, England had undergone a Glorious Revolution

  44. Glorious Revolution • Why was it so darn GLORIOUS??? • 1.) No blood was shed, (meaning there was no fighting that took place). • 2.) It helped give English citizens various rights. • English Bill of Rights • Constitutional Monarchy (where the laws limited the ruler’s power)

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