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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Pneumatic System Components. Pneumatic Systems • Control Devices • Work Devices. Pneumatic systems contain components that compress and store the air that is used to increase system pressure to accomplish work.

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Pneumatic System Components Pneumatic Systems • Control Devices • Work Devices

  2. Pneumatic systems contain components that compress and store the air that is used to increase system pressure to accomplish work.

  3. A single large compressor or multiple small compressors can be installed depending on the needs of a facility.

  4. Air compressors are either nonpositive displacement or positive displacement.

  5. A reciprocating-piston air compressor compresses air by extending and retracting a piston inside a cylinder.

  6. Air compressor cylinders often have cooling fins to dissipate some of the heat created by friction and air compression.

  7. A multistage air compressor can be used to efficiently compress air to high levels.

  8. In small commercial units, the prime mover is usually connected to the air compressor with V-belts pulleys.

  9. A rotary-vane air compressor uses sliding vanes to decrease volume as the rotor rotates.

  10. A rotary-screw air compressor traps air between the screw shafts and compresses air as the volume between the screw shafts is reduced.

  11. Oil-flooded compressing mechanisms lubricate the rotors and rotor end bearings by injecting a synthetic oil bath into their internal passages.

  12. Many receivers are cylindrical steel tanks that are used to store compressed air until it is needed to accomplish work.

  13. A pressure switch electrically controls the energizing or de-energizing of a prime mover when a set pressure has been reached.

  14. Once system pressure is high enough to overcome the biasing spring, a poppet in the safety valve opens and air from the receiver is exhausted into the atmosphere.

  15. The different types of relief valves used in pneumatic systems are poppet, ball, and diaphragm.

  16. Two-position, three-way directional control valves and three-position, four-way directional control valves are commonly used in pneumatic systems.

  17. A muffler is attached to an exhaust port of a directional control valve to deaden the noise of air as it exhausts.

  18. A needle valve is the most common type of pneumatic metering valve and is available with or without a check valve.

  19. Although there are many similarities between pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, there are also several differences.

  20. A cylinder cushion sometimes includes a needle valve with a check valve in the end cap at the rod end, cap end, or both.

  21. A single-acting, spring-return cylinder returns the rod to its retracted position when airflow is exhausted.

  22. A double-acting cylinder uses compressed air to move a piston in both directions.

  23. Double-rod cylinders are used when there is a load on each end of the rod.

  24. A rodless cylinder has a cartridge attached to the piston.

  25. A diaphragm cylinder uses a plastic, metal, or rubber diaphragm to extend or retract the rod.

  26. The most common type of rotary cylinder has a rack-and-pinion mechanism.

  27. Air motors can be vane, radial piston, or axial piston.

  28. The two most common types of vacuum cups are flat and bellow vacuum cups.

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