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Understanding Human Aging

Understanding Human Aging. Chapter 1. Outline. Definition of aging Biological theories of aging Concept of successful aging Physical activity and successful aging. Definitions of age and the aging process. Chronological age Biological age Psychological age Social age. Chronological age.

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Understanding Human Aging

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  1. Understanding Human Aging Chapter 1

  2. Outline • Definition of aging • Biological theories of aging • Concept of successful aging • Physical activity and successful aging

  3. Definitions of age and the aging process • Chronological age • Biological age • Psychological age • Social age

  4. Chronological age • Length of time or passage of calendar time • Human aging—important to consider a broader perspective

  5. Biological age • Age-related changes in biological or physiological processes • Biological age assessment

  6. Psychological age • Age-related changes in mental or cognitive functioning • assessment of psychological aging

  7. Social age • Social roles and expectations • Assessment

  8. Biological theories of aging • Large number of theories have been proposed • Increasingly likely that aging is not caused by a single mechanism

  9. Biological theories of aging (cont.) • Cellular theories of aging • Genetic theories of aging • Control theories of aging

  10. Cellular theories of aging • Degenerative changes that occur at the microscopic level of analysis • free-radical oxidation • cross-links

  11. Genetic theories of aging • Age-related changes can be attributed to genetic mechanisms • “Hayflick limit” • Telomere

  12. Control theories of aging • Function of specific physiologic systems known to be vital for controlling our bodies’ ability to respond to stressors • T-cell activity • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) • Immune system

  13. Successful aging • The rate and the extent of functional decline: differences between individuals • Physical activity • Benefits of physical activity for the individual persons • Societal benefits of promoting physically active lifestyles among older person

  14. Key Points • Defining aging requires a broad perspective of chronological, biological, psychological, and social aspects. • Aging is a complex process in which multiple biological mechanisms are acting at the molecular, cellular, and system levels. It makes difficult to identify a single unified theory of biological aging. • Large scientific evidence links physical activity participation to successful aging.

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