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This Is English I (2) Unit 26 Making Journeys. By Qian Dongyao. Content. Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Focus Homework. Session 1. Grammar Activity 1. Grammar. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 by 和 until/till to tell. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别. 都表示过去的事情; 但是现在完成时强调此事情对现在的影响,着眼点在现在,一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用;
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This Is English I (2)Unit 26 Making Journeys By Qian Dongyao
Content • Session 1 • Session 2 • Session 3 • Focus • Homework
Session 1 • Grammar • Activity 1
Grammar • 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 • by 和until/till • to tell
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 • 都表示过去的事情; • 但是现在完成时强调此事情对现在的影响,着眼点在现在,一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用; • 一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情,强调“过去”,所以常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用。 如:I went home at 10:00 yesterday. I have got home now.
by and until/till(1) • by表示“在…之前” I’ll finish my homework by 8:00. 我将在8点前完成作业。 • until/till表示“到…为止” I’ll be doing my homework until 8:00. 我将一直做作业做到8点。 注意:虽然都表达“做作业到8点”的意思,但两句话的含义不同。
by and until/till(2) • 由于until表示“到…为止”的意思,经常与not连用,组合成not…until…的句型,表示“直到…才…”。 I didn’t finish my homework until 8:00. I can’t finish my homework until 8:00.
to tell(1) • 动词tell的主要用法有: • tell sb. to do sth.=ask sb. to do sth.(让某人做某事) • 否定形式:tell sb not to do sth. I told him to book a ticket.(我让他预定一张票。) I asked him to pick up the key.(我让他去取钥匙。)
to tell(2) • tell sb. sth. 或 tell sb. about sth.(告诉某人某事) Don’t tell him that news.(不要告诉他哪个消息。) They told me about that news. (他们告诉我那个消息。) • 用于间接引语,表示转述某人的话。 I told him (that) I did that.(我告诉他我做的那件事。)
Activity 1(1) • What’s happened about …?表示询问某件事的进展情况。也可以说成:What’s happening about…? 或 Has anything happened about…? What’s happened to… 回忆:how is it going?事情进展如何? • give sth. to sb. “将某物给某人”,也可以用give sb. sth.的结构,意思一样。 • eg:I gave the book to him. / I gave him the book.
Activity 1(2) • on her way to “在她去…的路上”,如:She came across him on her way to the school. • ask sb. for sth. “向某人要某物”,如:She asked her parents for sme money. • 回忆: ask for sth; ask sb to do sth; ask sb about sth; request sth.
Activity 1(3) • reserve 预定,预约=book • participant 参加者,参与者 • handouts 下发的资料 • ask sb to do sth “要求某人做某事”,如:She asked her parents to give her some money. • fix the time “定时间” • By 6:o’clock六点之前
Activity 1(4) • worry about “担心…” • told sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 • Told sb not to so sth告诉某人不要做某事 • speak to “对某人说” • There’s nothing for sb. to do. “某人没什么事情做。” • I’ve got some things to do. “我有点事情要办。”建议与上句对比记忆。 • not…until…直到…才…
Session 2 • Activity 7 • Grammar
Activity 7(1) • arrive at “到达”,arrive后面常常用“介词+地点”的结构。 • in good time “恰恰好,及时”,in time就表示“及时”,加上good强调“非常及时、恰恰好”。 • check in “办理登机手续”,建议和21单元学过的“办理入住手续”的意思对比记忆。 ----check out • They had their boarding passes checked. • 回忆:have/get sth done • go through “通过”。
Activity 7(2) • boarding pass 登记卡;passport control护照检验处;departure lounge候机厅 • They did’t have anything to eat. “他们没吃任何东西。” • look around the shops “在商店闲逛” • They had about 20 minutes to wait… “他们要等20分钟” have something/nothing to do结构 • get sth. with +宾格人称代词 “带着某物”,如:He got a big bag with him.(他带着一个很大的包。)
Activity 7(3) • realise觉悟,明白;realize认识到,了解,实现,实行;注意读音相同,意思有所差别 • go back “回去”。back常常表示“回”的意思,如:give back(归还),come back(回来)。 • look everywhere to see “到处找” • Suppose猜测,假设 • Walk off with sth偷走某物 • Should have done,表示应该做而没做;must have done表示对过去行为的推测,译为“一定…,想必…”
Activity 7(4) • could have lost, must have left, should have put, must have walked off with it 这些句子都运用了本单元语法点: • 情态动词+完成时,表示不同含义: • could have done表示可能性较小的推测; must have done表示可能性大的推测; should have done表示“本应该做但是没有做”。
Grammar • 情态动词:特征,推测,肯定程度, • 不定代词 • 不定副词 • before, after 和while • in spite of +名词 • to go 的习惯用法
情态动词(1) • 情态动词的语法特征: • 1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 • 2) 情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接动词原形。 • 3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
情态动词 (2) • can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测: • 1)情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I don‘t know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. • 2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. • 3)情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。
情态动词 (3) • “ must + 完成时 ” 意为“ 一定已 ”往往用于肯定句中 ,其否定形式是 can't , 不是 mustn't . • He must have left early . ( 否定 :He can't have left early . ) • “should +完成时” 常表示 “ 本应该做而未做”。 • John should have come.
情态动词 (4) • “ could + 完成时 ” , 用于肯定句中 ,可以表示“ 本来可以完成而未完成的动作 ” 。 • We could have walked to the station;it was so near . • 此外,它也可以表示“猜测”,但不很确定。 • I could have lost it there.
情态动词 (5) • 情态动词+完成时,表示不同含义的推测: • could have done表示可能性较小的推测; must have done表示可能性大的推测; should have done表示“本应该做但是没有做”。
情态动词 (6) • 不同的 “ 肯定 ” 程度可按下列层次排列 : • He is at home . ( 事实 ) • He must be at home .( 非常可能) • He could be at home .( 很可能 ) • He ought to be at home .( 很可能 ) • He may be at home .( 仅仅可能 ) • He might be at home .( 或许 )
情态动词 (7) • He isn’t at home .( 事实 ) • He can‘t be home .( 接近肯定 ) • He couldn’t be at home . ( 不及 can’t 肯定 ) • He may not be at home . ( 可能 ,但不肯定 ) • He might not be at home . ( 不及 may 肯定 )。
不定代词 (1)--含义 • some表示“某些/某个”,有特指的含义,只是不明确。I have something to wash.(我有些东西要洗。 --可以确定有某些要洗的东西,具有特指的含义。) • any表示“任何”,有泛指的含义。Do you have anything to wash?(你有任何要洗的东西吗?--不能确定有要洗的东西。) • no表示“没有”,有否定的泛指的含义,所以可以说:no = not any。I have nothing to wash.(我没有任何要洗的东西。--确定没有要洗的东西。)
不定代词 (2)--用法 • 一般由some和no开头的不定代词用于肯定句;而有any开头的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句(表示肯定意义的疑问句除外)。 如:I have got something to do. I have got nothing to do. I haven’t got anything to do. 但是:Would you like something to drink?
不定代词 (3)--表示肯定的疑问句 • 但在表达建议、请求、反问是用some,而不用any。Could you give me some water to drink? Would you like something to read? Don’t you need someone to help you?
不定副词 • everywhere “各个地方” • nowhere “哪里都不”,常用于肯定句。 • somewhere “某个地方” • anywhere “任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句。 • 请参考教材106页上的例子。
before, after 和while • 这三个词语都是连词,都可以用来表示时间;before表示“在…之前”;after表示“在…之后”;while表示“当…时候”。 • 常用句型结构: 1、before,after,和while引导的从句+主句 Before she get up, she drank some water. 2、before,after,和while+doing+主句 Before getting up, she drank some water.
in spite of +名词 • 意思与although一样,都表示“尽管”,用法不同: • in spite of+名词 • although+句子 • In spite of the rain, we went out. Although it rained, we went out.
to go 的习惯用法 • 1. 动词go一般表示“去”的意思,eg:go out, go back等。 • 2. 它还可以表示事情进展情况,eg:How is everything going?(一切可好?) It went well.(它进展顺利。) • 与它相似的有21单元的get on well with,表示“某事进展顺利”。但是, get on well with常常以人为主语,如:She got on well with her study.(她学习进展顺利。)
Grammar • 情态动词:特征,推测,肯定程度, • 不定代词 • 不定副词 • before, after 和while • in spite of +名词 • to go 的习惯用法
Session 3 • Activity 14 • Grammar
Activity 14(1) • at last “最终,终于”,如:I got the book at last.(我终于得到了这本书。) • the day before that(那天的前一天), the day after tomorrow(后天)。这样的结构可以用于表示“某天前一天”和“某天后一天”。 • go further north “继续向北”,这里的further是far的比较级(见22单元教案)之一,表示抽象的意义:“进一步”,如:I need further study.(我需要进修深造。)
Activity 14(2) • A really fabulous castle, “fabulous”绝妙的,和“perfect”一样,只能用really 修饰,不能用very 修饰。 • It’s right in the middle of the town. “它恰恰在城镇的中心。”这里right表示“恰恰、正好”。 • just right for “对于…恰恰适合”,这里just表示“恰恰”,right表示“适合”,for表示“对于”。
Grammar • there be 结构的时态 • 时间表示法 • 表示移动的介词
there be (1) • there is / there are 表示“在某处有某物”,表状态,不能用have表示有,注意单复数变化: There is a book on the desk. There are 3 men in the room. 一般疑问句:Is there…? / Are there …? Is there a book on the desk? Are there 3 men in the room? • 注意与to have的区别
there be (2) • there be结构可以有时态变化: There is a film now.(现在有场电影。) There was a film yesterday.(昨天有场电影。) There will be a film tomorrow.(明天有场电影。) 注意:there be结构中be是动词,时态、数量都表现在它身上;此外,由于是be动词,否定、疑问也表现在它身上。如:There isn’t a film. Is there a film?
时间表示法(1) • 表示时间常用方式: • 名词或名词词组:this evening, tomorrow morning • 介词+名词或名词词组:in the morning, on Friday morning, before 5:00 • 名词或名词词组+副词:two weeks ago, one month later
时间表示法(2) • 注意介词用法的区别: • on用在表示具体日子的名词前,如:on Friday, on Friday morning • at用在具体时间、钟点前,如:at 7:00 • in用在年、月、季节和一天的某些时段,如:in 2003, in April, in winter, in the morning • 注意: on Friday morning和in the morning的区别!
时间表示法(3) • 用所学介词填空: • I was in Beijing ____ last week. • ____ 1999, he began his work. • I will go there ____ the summer. • ____ a cold night, he got ill. • He often goes out ____ 10:30. In in on at
表示移动的介词(1) • 下列介词常表示动作的移动方向: • towards “朝、向” • across “穿过”(常指平面的地方,如:马路) • through “穿过”(常指立体的地方,如:森林) • along,down, up都表示“沿着”
表示移动的介词(2) • 用刚刚学过的介词填空: • He ran ____the trees, and then walked ____ the road. When he walked ____ the road, a dog was running ____ the road. • 答案:through across along/down/up along/down/up
Grammar • there be 结构的时态 • 时间表示法 • 表示移动的介词
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 by 和until/till to tell 情态动词 不定代词 不定副词 before, after 和while in spite of +名词 to go 的习惯用法 there be 结构的时态 时间表示法 表示移动的介词 Focus for Today
Homework • The new words • Activity5; Activity6 • Activity 9; Activity10; Activity12 • Activity16; Activity18 • Exercises in the workbook
Gold will help those who help themselves 天助自助者