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Essential Nutrients for Optimal Growth and Good Health

Essential Nutrients for Optimal Growth and Good Health. Essential Nutrients (EN). Essential Nutrients Required for health; obtained from our diet Body cannot make enough, or any of the nutrient. Non Essential Nutrients Required for health Body can make enough to meet our needs

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Essential Nutrients for Optimal Growth and Good Health

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  1. Essential Nutrients for Optimal Growth and Good Health

  2. Essential Nutrients (EN) Essential Nutrients Required for health; obtained from our diet Body cannot make enough, or any of the nutrient • Non Essential Nutrients • Required for health • Body can make enough to meet our needs • e.g. creatine, lecithin, cholesterol etc.

  3. Essential Nutrients (N=6) Carbohydrate organic (o), energy (nrg) Lipid (fats/oils) o, nrg Protein o, nrg, contains nitrogen non-preferred nrg source Vitamins o, not an nrg source Minerals inorganic (i), not an nrg source Water major component body wt. most acutely needed EN Note: organic(o) = contains carbon

  4. Evaluating Dietary Quality • Define these terms • Nutrient Dense (ND) - many nutrients/gram of food • Calorie Dense (CD) - many calories/gram of food • Empty Calorie (EC) - very few nutrients/calorie of food

  5. Caloric Density: calories/wt of food 90 calories/lb 1200 calories/lb And that is without cream cheese!

  6. Food Comparison: ND-CD-EC Cal Prot Fiber Vit Min • Almonds 210 7.6 4.1 √ √ ¼ cup • Carrots 15 0.25 1.2 √ √ 4 baby • Sugar 150 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 3T.(=9 t.) ~ 35-40 gram portion ND/CD ND EC

  7. Evaluating Diet Quality • Using ND, CD and EC, describe the type of diet you advise to reach each goal. • Be ready to explain your choice. • A healthy college student trying to lose 10 pounds • A competitive athlete desiring weight gain • A healthy 5 year old child • Someone recovering from burn/injury/surgery • A healthy elderly woman who uses a walker

  8. Energy Nutrients Carbohydrate (4 calories/g) Lipid (9) Protein (4) Reminder: Alcohol provides energy but is NOT an EN

  9. Energy (nrg) Nutrients NRG nutrients are: organic contain carbon can be burned (oxidized) to make ATP** ** ATP is the fuel cells use to do their work. NRG nutrientsATP (fuel from food) cellular(fuel for cells) respiration

  10. Energy (nrg) Nutrients NRG nutrients are: organic contain carbon can be burned (oxidized) to make ATP** ** ATP is the fuel cells use to do their work. NRG nutrientsATP (fuel from food) cellularWhat does the P stand for? respiration Is it essential?

  11. Cellular Respiration Equation NRG nutrient + O2 H2O + CO2 + ATP + heat • Typically these reactions only happen in a special part of acell (mitochondria). • There is also a bit of ATP produced in other ways.

  12. Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular respiration (animal function) nrg nutrient + O2 H2O + CO2 + ATP + heat (C, P, L) (nrg) Photosynthesis (green plant function) solar nrg+ H2O + CO2 nrg nutrient* + O2 (*glucose, a type of carb)

  13. Plants!!!!! • Ultimately all Calories are solar in origin • Green plants convert solar energy to nrg nutrients • Plants + helper organisms capture Nitrogen form we use (amino acids) Food security is intimately tied to the health of the environment!

  14. NEXT CLASS • Please bring a food label to class...... a food product you actually eat not candy or gum  • See website for lecture notes and handouts • Try a new veggie this weekend!!!

  15. Partner Up, Think and Answer! • What is the most vital component of food production? • Name the essential nutrients. Which give us energy? • Why is an orange more nutrient dense than OJ? • Which EN has the most Calories/gram? • Compare and contrast the substrates of cellular respiration and the products of photosynthesis. • What is the form of NRG the cell can use?

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