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Three Dimensional Plots of Smoothed Bivariate Distributions. Smoothing using Rectangular Kernel Preparing Data for Import to Mathematica Starting and Using Mathematica Importing Data Three-D Surface Plots Animations. Smoothed Bivariate Distribution. First we'll simulate some data.
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Three Dimensional Plots of Smoothed Bivariate Distributions • Smoothing using Rectangular Kernel • Preparing Data for Import to Mathematica • Starting and Using Mathematica • Importing Data • Three-D Surface Plots • Animations
Smoothed Bivariate Distribution • First we'll simulate some data. tX <- c(rnorm(150, mean=10, sd=5), rnorm(50, mean=0, sd=2)) tY <- 5 + .5 * tX + rnorm(200,mean=0,sd=2)
smoothX <- seq(-5, 25, by=2) smoothY <- seq(-5, 25, by=2) smoothF <- matrix(NA, length(smoothX), length(smoothY)) h <- 5 for (i in 1:length(smoothX)) { x <- smoothX[i] t1x <- abs(x - tX)/h for (j in 1:length(smoothY)) { y <- smoothY[j] t1y <- abs(y - tY)/h t2 <- rep(0, length(t1x)) t2[t1x < 1 & t1y < 1] <- 1/2 smoothF[i,j] <- sum(t2)/(length(tX)*h) } } smoothF <- smoothF/sum(smoothF)
Preparing Data for Import to Mathematica • Finally we'll write it to an ASCII textfile. • Before running this line, substitute in your own pathname for your class directory. write(round(t(smoothF),7), "H:/Class/Psych344509/smoothF.dat", ncolumns=dim(smoothF)[2])
Preparing Data for Import to Mathematica • Now let's look at the data file in PFE • Open smoothF.dat in PFE 0 0.0006098 0.001626 0.004065 0.0058943 0.0060976 0.0054878 0.0044715 0.0020325 0.0002033 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0006098 0.002439 0.0069106 0.0097561 0.0101626 0.0095528 0.0077236 0.003252 0.0004065 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0006098 0.002439 0.0077236 0.0113821 0.0119919 0.0115854 0.0097561 0.0044715 0.000813 0.0002033 0 0 0 0 0
Starting and Using Mathematica • Locate and start Mathematica 4.1 in the Program Menu. • There will be an new “notebook” waiting. • Type 2+2; and press the Enter key on the keypad. • The number 4 will appear as output. • Note that the input and output from the first calculation is delimited by a square bracket on the right.
Starting and Using Mathematica • Now, in the next input line typePlot[Sin[x], {x, 0, 10}] • Press Enter and you should see a nice plot of a sine wave evaluated from x= 0 to x=10.
Getting Help in Mathematica • In the next input cell type ?Plot • Now press Enter and see what happens. • You can also use the Help Browser. • Help is arranged by "Packages". • Some Packages are optional.
Getting Help in Mathematica • Scroll down the page of help on Plot after clicking on “further examples”. • You will see example code that you can copy and paste into your notebook.
Saving Your Work in Mathematica • Choose the menu item File->SaveAs and save your work into your class folder as the filename "Example1". • Save your work often when using Mathematica as it has a tendency to crash under Windows.
More Help in Mathematica • In the Help Browser, the left-most column should have Graphics selected. • In the second column from the left, select 3D Plots. • In the last column select ListPlot3D.
More Help in Mathematica • Evaluate the example to see a 3D plot. • Now let’s try a 3D Plot tMatrix = {{1,2,3}, {3,4,5}, {5,6,7}} ListPlot3D[tMatrix] • Type them in and press enter.
Importing Data into Mathematica • Open the file you downloaded at the beginning of class: ThreeD3.nb • Notice that this file opens in a second notebook. • The first input cell of this file should read: <<Graphics`Animation` • Put your cursor in that cell by clicking anywhere in it and then press Enter. • This loads the Add-On animation package.
Viewing an Animation • Press enter in the second and third cells. • You’ll see a lot of graphics being generated. • These are the cels in an animation. • Double-Click on one of the cels so that it is selected with a box around it. • The graphic should start spinning. • The controls for slowing or speeding the animation are at the bottom of the notebook window.
Importing Data into Mathematica • That was fun, but now let’s get down to business. • Click in the next input area after the animated graphics. • Change the directory to be your class directory. • Press Enter.
Three-D Surface Plots • The next cell has a line that reads ListPlot3D[theData1] • Put your cursor in that line and press Enter. • A 3-D projection of the surface we created in Splus will be plotted.
Three-D Surface Plots • Let’s animate the plot with SpinShow. • If you change the size of the first graph, it will change the size of the whole animation the next time you press Enter.
Three-D Surface Plots • There are many options to 3D plotting for changing the perspective view, the hues, etc.
Saving Graphs and Animations • Click on a graph to select it. • Select Edit -> Save Selection As • Notice the options for saving the graphic or animation.
For Tuesday • Next we'll talk about longitudinal data: time series, recursion visualization and state space plotting.