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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential. 1) Electric Potential Energy. 2) Electric Potential. q 1. q 2. q 2. 3) Point Charges. If V = 0 at r = ∞, then. V. r. q. Superposition : potentials add as scalars. 4) Equipotential surfaces. Definition

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential

  2. 1) Electric Potential Energy

  3. 2) Electric Potential

  4. q1 q2 q2 3) Point Charges If V = 0 at r = ∞, then V r q Superposition: potentials add as scalars

  5. 4) Equipotential surfaces • Definition Surface with constant potential e.g. For a point charge, equipotential surfaces are spheres

  6. e.g. parallel plates E is uniform, and W = qEs, so equipotential surfaces are planes

  7. b) Work along an equipotential surface Work = 0

  8. c) Electric field direction and equipotential surfaces If W = 0, and E ≠ 0, then E is perpendicular to equipotential surfaces

  9. Electric field lines Equipotential lines

  10. d) Electric field as a potential gradient units: V/m = J/(Cm) = N/C

  11. In general, Electric field points in the direction of maximum change of the potential

  12. Resting state (selective permeability) 5) Biomedical examples a) Conduction of electrical signals in neurons V=-70mV

  13. Stimulated cell Signal travels at ~ 50 m/s

  14. b) Medical diagnostics - body is not an equipotential surface - Flow of Na+, K+, Cl- ions; potential differences ~ 30 - 500 µV - depend on stimuli and can form regular patterns

  15. - heartbeat (electrocardiography, ECT, EKG)

  16. - brain waves (electroencephalography, EEG)

  17. - response to light (electroretinography, ERG)

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