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Biology 2

Biology 2. Review of Laboratory Safety Review of Research Papers Quiz Review of Cell Structures. Laboratory Safety. Dress Code: Wear goggles Wear an apron Hair – have it pulled back/out of the way Clothing – Nothing baggy, flashy, flammable Shoes – Closed toed, no sandals.

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Biology 2

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  1. Biology 2 Review of Laboratory Safety Review of Research Papers Quiz Review of Cell Structures

  2. Laboratory Safety • Dress Code: • Wear goggles • Wear an apron • Hair – have it pulled back/out of the way • Clothing – Nothing baggy, flashy, flammable • Shoes – Closed toed, no sandals

  3. Laboratory Safety • General Rules: • Be alert • Be prepared • Ask permission • No eating and/or drinking • Know where the safety equipment is • Clean up after yourself

  4. Laboratory Safety • First Aid: • Report all accidents • Know the location of safety equipment

  5. Laboratory Safety • Fire Safety: • Wear goggles • Read all Instructions • Do not reach over a flame • Keep flammable materials away from flame. • Point test tubes away from you when heating them. • Do not heat closed containers • Assume things are hot

  6. Laboratory Safety • Chemical Safety: • No mixing of chemicals unless instructed to do so. • Careful when touching chemicals • Waft when smelling something • Do not taste a chemical unless instructed to. • Protect your eyes with goggles. • Keep lids on all chemicals • Do not contaminate stock bottles • Proper disposal • Acid into water, not water into acid - splashes • Rinse all chemicals off of your body immediately

  7. Laboratory Safety • Glassware Safety: • No forcing glassware into stoppers. • Careful when heating – glass doesn’t look hot • Careful of broken glass • No eating and/or drinking from glassware

  8. Laboratory Safety • Sharp Instruments: • Careful when handling • Cut away from you, not toward you • Careful with disposal • Notify instructor of any cuts

  9. Laboratory Safety • Living Organisms: • Do NOT cause Pain/discomfort/harm to any living organism • Respect all organisms (living or not) • Necessary handling only – minimal handling.

  10. Laboratory Safety • End-of-Investigation: • Clean up thoroughly • Wash hands • Make sure burners are off

  11. Research Papers • How should you approach reading a Research paper? • Don’t Panic!!! • Skim the Paper - Read the items in bold (headings). • Understand vocabulary that is unknown to you. • Read section by section.

  12. Research Papers • How should you approach reading a research paper? • What question (hypothesis) is being answered? • How is the question (hypothesis) being tested? • What was done/measured? • What do the tables/data show?

  13. Research Papers • How should you approach reading a research paper? • What is the conclusion? • Are you left with any additional questions? • What impacts on society could this have? • Do you see anything that was left out?

  14. Quiz Take out a piece of paper – At the top of your paper write (legibly): Name Date Class or Period Please write out the QUESTION and ANSWER.

  15. Quiz 1. What are 3 things that we have to do when working with animals? (3 pts) 2. List 5 rules that must be followed when working in a lab. (5 pts) 3. Why should we look at the impact on society that a research project has? Give an example that explains your answer. (2 pts)

  16. Cell Review (Bio 1) Cell Theory: * All living things composed of cells * Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. * New cells are produced from existing cells

  17. Cell Review (Bio 1) Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No Nuclei Nucleus Organelles Cytoskeleton Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Most have cell wall Plants have cell wall Plants, animals Fungi, micro- organisms All Bacteria

  18. Cell Review (Bio 1) Nucleus of the Cell: Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information. This is found as Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Chromatin: DNA bound to protein – granular and visible in the nucleus. Chromosomes: Chromatin that condenses in preparation for cell division. DNA: Coded instructions for making proteins.

  19. Cell Review (Bio 1) Cell Wall: Provide support and protection for the cell. Cytoskeleton: Protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape. Can also aide in cell movement. Microfilaments: Long, thin fibers that support the cell and aide in movement of the organelles Hollow tubes of protein that support the cell and act as “tracks” to move other organelles on. They also aide in cell division, separating chromosomes (known as centriolesin animal cells). Outside a cell, these are known as flagella and cilia Microtubules:

  20. Cell Review (Bio 1) Ribosomes: Proteins are assembled here – made up of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and protein. Components of the cell membrane are assembled here and some proteins are modified. Rough and smooth ER Endoplasmic Reticulum: Proteins made/modified by the Rough ER have carbohydrates and lipids attached to them here. Golgi Apparatus:

  21. Cell Review (Bio 1) Lysosomes: Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Sack-like structure that stores materials such as water, proteins, salts, carbohydrates. Pressure in these provide support. Small form = vesicles. Vacuoles: Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis (conversion of sunlight into food) occurs here. Found mostly in plants. Mitochondria: “Power house” – organelle that uses food to make energy for the cell.

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