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Chapter 11: Manifest Destiny

Chapter 11: Manifest Destiny. Lesson 3: War With Mexico. The New Mexico Territory. New Mexico was the name of the vast region between the Texas and California territories. New Mexico had been part of Spain’s colony of Mexico. In 1610, Spain founded the settlement of Santa Fe .

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Chapter 11: Manifest Destiny

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  1. Chapter 11: Manifest Destiny Lesson 3: War With Mexico

  2. The New Mexico Territory • New Mexicowas the name of the vast region between the Texas and California territories.

  3. New Mexico had been part of Spain’s colony of Mexico. • In 1610, Spain founded the settlement of Santa Fe. • Mexico inherited New Mexico when it won independence from Spain in 1821.

  4. William Becknelltraveled to New Mexico and was the first American trader to reach Santa Fe. • The route he traveled became known as the Santa Fe Trail. • Other traders followed Becknell, and the trail became a busy trade route.

  5. As trade increased with Mexico, more Americans began settling in the region. • As the idea of Manifest Destinybecame popular, Americans began thinking that New Mexico should belong to the United States. John L. O’Sullivancoined the term “Manifest Destiny”

  6. California’s Spanish Culture • The first Europeans to settle in California were Spanish explorers and Mexican missionaries. • The first settlement at San Francisco was founded in 1776, and seven years later a mission system was built along a route known as El Camino Real. El Camino Real, or “The King’s Road” was marked by bells.

  7. Jedediah Smithwas an American mountain man who visited the San Gabriel mission and reported on life there. Jedediah Smith

  8. California became a state of Mexico after Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821. • People from Mexico began settling in California.

  9. In 1833, the Mexican government passed a law abolishing the Spanish missions in California. • The government gave some of the mission land to Native Americans. • Rancheros- ranch owners - bought the remainder of the land and built huge properties called ranchos.

  10. Mexico granted land to John Sutterin 1839, and he built a trading post that became one of the first stopping points for Americans traveling to California. Sutter’s fort and trading post

  11. In the 1840s, American families began to arrive in California, making the journey on the Oregon Trail.

  12. John C. Fremonttraveled several times through California and wrote about the region. • Americans began to talk about making California a state of the United States. • President James Polktwice offered to buy California and New Mexico, but Mexico refused. John C. Fremont

  13. War With Mexico • After the annexation of Texas, relations between Mexico and the United States were strained. • The two countries also disagreed on the Texas-Mexico border. • The United States insisted the Rio Grande formed the border; Mexico claimed that the border lay along theNueces River, about 150 miles farther north.

  14. President James K. Polk was determined to annex California and New Mexico. • After Mexico refused to sell the territories, Polk plotted to provoke war with Mexico.

  15. Polk ordered General Zachary Taylorto march his soldiers across the Nueces River into the disputed territory. • Taylor followed orders and built a fort there. • Mexican soldiers attacked Taylor’s soldiers, and Congress passed a declaration of war. General Zachary Taylor

  16. Democrats backed the war, but Whigs believed the war was unjust. • Abraham Lincoln, an Illinois congressman, claimed that Polk had no reason for blaming Mexico for the attack. Congressman Lincoln

  17. President Polk planned for U.S. forces to drive Mexico out of the disputed area in Texas, then move forces into California and New Mexico before taking Mexico City.

  18. Taylor succeeded in defeating the Mexicans to secure the Texas border. • General Stephen Kearneyled troops to California and New Mexico.

  19. In 1846, a small group of Americans had seized the town of Sonoma and proclaimed California independent. • The called the new country the Bear Flag Republic.

  20. John C. Fremont declared he would seize California, which enraged the Californios, the Mexicans who lived in California. John C. Fremont led rebellious Californians in declaring independence.

  21. U.S. naval forces captured San Francisco and Monterey in July 1846, and Commodore John Sloat declared California annexed. • The Americans then captured San Diego and Los Angeles. • By 1847, California was under U.S. control. Commodore John Sloat

  22. American forces then marched to take Mexico City, succeeding in September 1847. • In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico gave up all claims to Texas and agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico. • Mexico also ceded- gave - California and New Mexico to the United States. The Mexican cession

  23. First American trader to reach Santa Fe • Established Santa Fe Trail • Mountain man who visited and described missions and the Native Americans working on them • Army officer who traveled frequently in California and wrote about his trips

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