1 / 8

The Shift to a Multi-Polar World: Examining Global Powers, Influence, and Challenges

Explore the transition to a multi-polar global order, with a focus on the role of the United States, other contenders for global power, and the importance of soft power in shaping international dynamics.

ogan
Download Presentation

The Shift to a Multi-Polar World: Examining Global Powers, Influence, and Challenges

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 10Moving to a Multi-Polar World (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  2. Moving to a Multi-Polar World • Britain as a global power • World War I – Empires splinter • World War II – US and USSR emerge as two superpowers • Cold War • Disintegration of the USSR (1991) leaves the US as the sole superpower • Non-Aligned Movement • Remained neutral during the Cold War (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  3. The American Era • United States as a superpower • Two sources of power: • Economic sphere • The US$19 trillion (GDP 2017) economy, less than 2 times that of the next biggest, PRC • Military sphere • The US military budget in 2018 was about $825 billion • More than that of the next six NATO members combined (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  4. US Using Its Military and Economic Power Military Power • Unilateral interventions • Eg., Grenada, Libya, Panama, Sudan • Covert action • Eg., Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua Economic Power • Trade and dominance of US MNCs • Economic sanctions as foreign policy • Extra territoriality – reach of influence (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  5. Implicit Power • Media reach around the globe • Influencing views • Influence of universities • Intellectual reach, students Response of the Weak • Powerlessness of poor countries • Venezuela challenges regionally • Anti-American sentiment • Al Qaeda – non-state actors • Nations’ grouping as collective power (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  6. Multilateral Institutions • The United Nations • Security Council with veto powers, General Assembly • Power depends on members allowing it to act • Agencies of the UN • IMF, World Bank and WTO • Control of decision making, conditionalities • Voting power (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  7. Contenders For Other Poles • China • Size, economic and military buildup, has ambition • European Union • Size, economic vs military strength, lacks one political voice • Japan • Economic size, pacifist, lacks ambition • Russia • Former glory, ambition, regional influences • Other regional voices: Turkey, India, South Africa (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

  8. Taking a System Perspective • Hard versus soft power • In the future, it is soft power that counts (Nye) • “…the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce, use force or give money as a means of persuasion.” • Interaction of business, economic, and political domains will drive the actions of the powers • Contrasting visions: US liberalism versus Chinese state direction (c) C. Gopinath, 2018

More Related