Critiquing Arguments

1. Critiquing Arguments The Wonderful World of Logic

2. Objective • Given instructional excerpts, students will be able to identify and explain logical strategies used within the texts.

3. CHAMPS • C – 0 • H – RAISE YOUR HAND TO BE ACKNOWLEDGED • A – LECTURE • M – NO MOVEMENT • P – TRACKING TEACHER AND TAKING NOTES

4. Agenda • CHAMPs • Agenda • Do Now • Deconstructing Logic: The “If, Then” Statement • Pioneer DVD Player Instructions (I Do) • “How to Use Your Fast-O-Matic Moisture Meter – Testing for Moisture” (We Do) • “How to Use Your Fast-O-Matic Moisture Meter – Interpreting Your Readings” (You Do)

5. Do Now ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: The Singles Bar • While sitting in a club where all single men tell the truth and all married men lie, a woman is approached by three men. She asks the first guy if he is married, but the music is so loud that she can't hear his answer. So she turns to the second guy, who tells her, "The first guy said, 'I am married,' but he really is single." Then she turns to the third guy, who says, "The second guy is single." Determine the marital status of each of the three men and explain your answer.

6. And the answer is . . . • ALL THREE MEN ARE MARRIED!

7. Here’s the solution: • If all married men LIE and all single men tell the TRUTH, • Then we can LOGICALLY determine that EVERY man in the club will state that he is SINGLE because: • The lying married men will all say they are single • The truth-telling single men will also all say they are single

8. Therefore: • Using logic, we can determine that the second man is lying because he states that the first man said he was married. • Because, as we determined earlier, none of the men would claim to be married, the second man is lying which means the second man is married. • It also means that the first man really said that he was single when he was actually married. • And, because the third guy said the second was single when he is really married, the third must be lying and married as well.

9. Logic and the CAHSEE • On the CAHSEE there will be passages from functional documents (i.e., instruction manuals, technical documents). Some questions related to those passages will ask you to evaluate LOGIC within the passages.

10. Logic and the CAHSEE • So . . . . • It is important that you know how to recognize and explain how logic is used.

11. Logic Defined • While there are other forms of logical reasoning, the CAHSEE will focus on DEDUCTIVE REASONING; therefore so shall we. • Deductive Reasoning is the process of reasoning from one or more general statements regarding what is known to reach a logically certain conclusion.

12. Example of Logic • Water always freezes at or below 32 degrees Fahrenheit • A cup of water was left outside overnight at a consistent temperature of 30 degrees Fahrenheit • What can we logically deduce?

13. The water in the cup will be frozen!!

14. Can you identify the “If, Then” statements within the following passage?

15. Pioneer DVD Player Instructions • When connecting to a component bearing the Pioneer Î mark: • If you use a commercially available cord with a mini plug (no resistance) to connect this player’s CONTROL IN jack to the CONTROL OUT jack of another component bearing the Î mark, you can control the player as though it were a component in a system (system control). • • If you connect for system control, you cannot operate the player directly by pointing the remote control at it and pressing • buttons. Point the remote control unit at the component (AV amplifier etc.) connected to the CONTROL OUT jack for operation. • • When controlling as a system, be sure to make connection to the amplifier using an audio cord or a video cord even when • using only digital components. • • For more details, refer to the connected component’s operating • instructions.

16. Pioneer DVD Player Instructions • When connecting to a component bearing the Pioneer Î mark: • If you use a commercially available cord with a mini plug (no resistance) to connect this player’s CONTROL IN jack to the CONTROL OUT jack of another component bearing the Î mark, you can control the player as though it were a component in a system (system control). • • If you connect for system control, you cannot operate the player directly by pointing the remote control at it and pressing • buttons. Point the remote control unit at the component (AV amplifier etc.) connected to the CONTROL OUT jack for operation. • • When controlling as a system, be sure to make connection to the amplifier using an audio cord or a video cord even when • using only digital components. • • For more details, refer to the connected component’s operating • instructions.

17. Pioneer DVD Player Instructions • When connecting to a component bearing the Pioneer Î mark: • If you use a commercially available cord with a mini plug (no resistance) to connect this player’s CONTROL IN jack to the CONTROL OUT jack of another component bearing the Î mark, you can control the player as though it were a component in a system (system control). • • If you connect for system control, you cannot operate the player directly by pointing the remote control at it and pressing • buttons. Point the remote control unit at the component (AV amplifier etc.) connected to the CONTROL OUT jack for operation. • • When controlling as a system, be sure to make connection to the amplifier using an audio cord or a video cord even when • using only digital components. • • For more details, refer to the connected component’s operating • instructions.

18. Pioneer DVD Player Instructions Sample Question 1) According to the selection, what can’t you do if you connect for system control?

19. Pioneer DVD Player Instructions • When connecting to a component bearing the Pioneer Î mark: • If you use a commercially available cord with a mini plug (no resistance) to connect this player’s CONTROL IN jack to the CONTROL OUT jack of another component bearing the Î mark, you can control the player as though it were a component in a system (system control). • • If you connect for system control, you cannot operate the player directly by pointing the remote control at it and pressing • buttons. Point the remote control unit at the component (AV amplifier etc.) connected to the CONTROL OUT jack for operation. • • When controlling as a system, be sure to make connection to the amplifier using an audio cord or a video cord even when • using only digital components. • • For more details, refer to the connected component’s operating • instructions.

20. • If you connect for system control, you cannot operate the player directly by pointing the remote control at it and pressing buttons.

21. Let’s Try It Together! • Turn to pages 29-30 in your CAHSEE binder. • Read the sample selection about the “Fast-O-Matic Moisture Meter” • According to the selection, what action is required if the Fast-O-Matic needle does not stay steady when the probe is inserted into the soil?

22. A. To test the soil in more than one spot around the plant • B. To leave the probe in the moist soil for twenty-four hours • C. To replace the batteries on the meter • D. To clean the probe and reinsert it into the same spot

23. The Correct Answer is . . . • A. To test the soil in more than one spot around the plant

24. Exit Slip • Read the selection on page 30 in your CAHSEE binder, then answer the four questions on page 31.