South Sudan’s Fight for Independence

1. South Sudan’s Fight for Independence • by Mr. Ricke

3. Introduction • Sudan Independence in 1956 • Arabic primary language of country • First civil war from 1956-1972 • Addis Ababa Agreement

4. Second Civil War • Peace until 1983 • Northern part primarily Muslim • Southern part primarily Christian • Islamic government in the Khartoum, northern part of Sudan

5. Islamic Government • President Gafaar Mohammed al-Nimeiri • Tries to establish Islamic law • Islamicize Sudan • Take Christian children as slaves • Boys (working) and Girls (sex slaves)

6. Christians Fight Back • Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) • Started fighting back in 1983 • Led by John Garang • Killed in helicopter crash in 2005 • More on children of south Sudan

7. The Lost Boys • Mid 1980s boys are encouraged to leave Sudan • Majority age 10-12 • One group of 12,000 total • Make it to Ethiopia • Government changes and aligns with north Sudan

8. Lost Boys (cont.) • Make it to Kakuma, refugee camp in Kenya • Stay here for 10 years • Many are relocated to the US • Joseph Akol Makeer

11. War Worsens • Sadiq al-Mahdi tries for peace negotiations • Omar al-Bashir takes over power • Hardline Islamist • Terrorize South Sudan until 2005

12. Peace? • Peace finally negotiated in 2005 • South Sudan granted autonomy • 6-year trial period • Three factions of SPLA • Comes into play in current events • South Sudan gains independence in 2011

13. Current News • Tribal War • Salva Kiir from Dinka tribe • Riek Machar from Nuer tribe • President Kiir fires Vice President Machar • At least 58 people killed last week