1 / 27

WELCOME RSC 2601

WELCOME RSC 2601. HEIDI VAN DER WESTHUIZEN Cell: 082 824 2056 Email: hvdwesthuizen12@gmail.com. Tutorials. PLEASE: Turn off your cell phone Be on time for the class Attend regularly Come prepared. DATES OF TUTORIALS. 3 SEPTEMBER 2012 MONDAY 8H30 – 10H30

oharris
Download Presentation

WELCOME RSC 2601

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. WELCOMERSC 2601 HEIDI VAN DER WESTHUIZEN Cell: 082 824 2056 Email: hvdwesthuizen12@gmail.com

  2. Tutorials PLEASE: • Turn off your cell phone • Be on time for the class • Attend regularly • Come prepared

  3. DATES OF TUTORIALS 3 SEPTEMBER 2012 MONDAY 8H30 – 10H30 4 SEPTEMBER 2012 TUESDAY 8H30 – 10H30 5 SEPTEMBER 2012 WEDNESDAY 11H00 – 13H00 6 SEPTEMBER 2012 THURSDAY 8H30 – 10H30 7 SEPTEMBER 2012 FRIDAY 8H30 – 10H30

  4. OVERVIEW OF CHAPTERS • Strategies of discovery • The role of theory in research • Scientific research • Ethics in research • Research design • Sampling • Data collection • Quantitative data: description and interpretation • Qualitative data: analysis and interpretation • Writing and evaluating research reports

  5. CHAPTER 1:STRATEGIES OF DISCOVERY

  6. CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW • What research is about • Sources of knowledge • Errors in human enquiry • Scientific norms • Stages in research • Ontological and epistemological questions • Approaches to scientific research • Theory definitions • Concepts in theory • Scope of theory • Deduction and induction • Theory and research

  7. KEY ACTION WORDS • Learning outcomes • Key words • Activities • Test yourself

  8. WHAT IS REASEARCH ABOUT? • In practice, certain questions arise. To answer these questions, data has to be collected. This is called research. • For ex. You are in practice for yourself and you work a lot with children who presents with anxiety. You want to understand the underlying dynamics of this anxiety, in order to create a treatment programme. For this you need to collect data from the relevant parties, i.e. the school, the family, the client, occupational therapist, speech therapist, psychiatrist. • Rules guiding research is called methodology, it is like a roadmap to help and guide you to get to your destination

  9. The scientific approach to social research • Scienceis a process of inquiry (observing and thinking) • Scientific thinking is logical, has a reference (observed evidence) and gives an explanation (theory) for what we observe. • Scientific research means we systematicallyexamine and think about a question.

  10. Sources of knowledge Tradition Authority Religion Common sense Media myths

  11. Errors in human enquiry

  12. Scientific norms (rules of conduct) • Universalism: research is only to be judged on the basis of scientific merit • Organized scepticism: All evidence should be questioned and challenged by the researcher • Disinterestedness: Researchers must be impartial and neutral • Communalism: Scientific knowledge must be shared with everyone • Honesty: Honesty in all research is demanded

  13. Definitions

  14. STAGES IN RESEARCH

  15. STAGES OF RESEARCH

  16. STAGES OF RESEARCH

  17. ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL QUESTIONS • Ontological: view of social reality (our world) • what researchers think exists and is real • Epistemological: approach to knowledge • how we can know and explain something

  18. APPROACHES TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 1. Positivist approach • Interpretive approach

  19. APPROACHES TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3. Critical approach 4. Feminist approach

  20. APPROACHES TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 5. Postmodern approach 6. Postcolonialism

  21. theory

  22. Theory definitions • Theory is • A conceptual framework that provides an explanation of certain occurrences or phenomena • Systematic and gives precise definitions 2. Concepts • Identify and describe phenomena • Just as a language consists of words, so does a theory consist of concepts

  23. HOW ARE CONCEPTS USED IN THEORY • Identify and describe phenomena • Is the starting point of a theory • Together, these clusters of concepts build the sentences of theory • Abstract concepts – give the big picture, but not much detail • Concrete concepts – presents a close up view and focus on details

  24. THE SCOPE OF THEORY • Refers to how much the theory explains, or how many different contexts the theory can explain. • The scope of theory is linked to level of abstraction. • The higher the level of abstraction (the big picture), the more the theory can be generalized. • The wider the scope of the theory, the more it can be generalized

  25. Generalisability • Empirical generalisations • Classify, summarise and organise observations 2. Middle range theory • Organise empirical observations in a way that it explains the relationships between them in more general terms 3. Theoretical perspectives • Gives an overall explanation • A particular study only provides partial evidence to support perspectives

  26. DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION • Both are reasoning processes we use to develop theories • Deduction • Going from general to specific • Using general principles to suggest specific outcomes 3. Induction • Using a number of specific observations to formulate general principles

  27. THE LINK BETWEEN THEORY AND RESEARCH • The relationship is reciprocal: empirical studies are based on theory, and theory are based on empirical studies. • Theory guides research, while the information obtained through research builds theory.

More Related