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Single Replacement

Single Replacement. A single element replaces an element in a compound. One element is oxidized while one is reduced. . Active metals replace less active metals or hydrogen from their compounds in aqueous solution. Helps to write water as HOH A piece of lithium is added to water

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Single Replacement

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  1. Single Replacement A single element replaces an element in a compound. One element is oxidized while one is reduced.

  2. Active metals replace less active metals or hydrogen from their compounds in aqueous solution. • Helps to write water as HOH • A piece of lithium is added to water • 2Li + 2HOH  2Li⁺ + 2OH⁻ + H₂ • All rxns work so do not worry about reactivity

  3. Odd Balls • Hydrogen reacts with a hot metallic oxide to produce elemental metal and water. • Hydrogen gas is passed over hot copper(II) oxide. • H₂ + CuO Cu +HOH • Chlorine gas reacts with dilute sodium hydroxide to produce sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, and water. • A metal sulfide reacts with oxygen to produce a metallic oxide and sulfur dioxide.

  4. More Odd Balls • Copper reacts with dilute nitric acid to produce copper(II) nitrate, nitrogen monoxide, and water. • Copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid to produce copper (II) nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, and water. • Copper reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce copper(II) sulfate, sulfur dioxide, and water.

  5. Anhydrides Water is a reactant in each reactant.

  6. Rxns to Know • Nonmetallic oxides plus water yields acids • Carbon dioxide is bubbled into water • CO₂ + HOH  H₂CO₃ • Metallic oxides plus water yield bases. • Solid sodium oxide is added to water • Na₂) + HOH  Na⁺ + OH⁻ • Metallic hydrides (ionic) plus water yield metallic hydroxides and hydrogen gas. • Solid sodium hydride is added to water • NaH + HOH  Na⁺ + OH⁻+ H₂

  7. More Rxns • Phosphorus halides react with water to produce an acid of phosphorus (ous or ic acid) and a hydrohalic acid. Oxidation # of P stays the same. • Phosphorus tribromide is added to water. • PBr₃ + 3 HOH  H₃PO₃ + 3 H⁺ + 3 Br⁻ • Group 1 and II nitrides react with water to produce the metallic hydroxide and ammonia • Solid magnesium nitride is added to water • Mg₃N₂ + 6 HOH  3 Mg(OH)₂ +2NH₃

  8. Even More Rxns • Amines react with water to produce alkyammonium ions and hydroxide ions • Methylamine is bubbled into distilled water. • CH₃NH₂ + HOH  CH₃NH₃⁺ + OH⁻

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