THE SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPH WRITING

1. THE SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPH WRITING • The sentence: A sentence is a group of words consisting of at least a subject and a predicate, and expresses a complete idea. The subject of a sentence may consists of only one word or a word with modifiers, and the predicate may contain a verb alone or a verb with modifiers. • However, sometimes a group of words may look like a sentence, but it is not, because it may not have a subject or the main verb (predicate), or both. • Examples: • Many people are waiting in line to buy fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds. • Many people waiting in line to buy fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds.

2. The Sentences and Paragraph Writing • The cassava and sweet potato grow very well on sandy soils with adequate water supply. • On sandy soils with adequate water supply. • He is giving instructions to the students doing field works near the glasshouse. • To the students doing field works near the glasshouse.

3. The Sentence and Paragraph Writing • Paragraph: A paragraph is a group of sentences that has a topic sentence, a controlling idea with a list of ideas, and a conclusion, and the main objective is to convey the central idea clearly and effectively. • Recognizing and knowing your sentences thoroughly is very important first step because the sentences are the basic elements to construct a paragraph. • Central idea: not too broad, and must go into details of the subject matters, focus on one aspect of topics. Example: • the use of pesticides in plant protection programme (too broad) • It is important to consider the hazards which can occur because of pesticide use (limited into central idea)

4. The Sentence and Paragraph Writing • Structure of Paragraph: A paragraph should contain three main parts, i.e. the topic sentence, list of ideas, and a conclusion. • A topic sentence is a sentence showing what the paragraph is about, (control and clarify the whole paragraph). A topic sentence normally is placed at the beginning of the paragraph, and it is often the first sentence in the paragraph. • A topic sentence must fulfill two requirements: 1) it must have a subject, i.e. what we are talking about, and 2) it must have a controlling idea, i.e. what we are saying about the subject.

5. The Sentence and Paragraph Writing • Outline: consists of a list of ideas which support controlling idea. • Conclusion: restatement of the topic sentence in the different words. • Topic sentence: Irrigation system help farmers in rural areas. • List of ideas : • opening employment opportunities • farmer’s utilization of land to its maximum capacity • two or three harvests a year • not dependent on seasons • simultaneous planting season to fight insects • Conclusion: Therefore, irrigation is, indeed, beneficial to farmers.

6. The Sentence and Paragraph Writing • Form and organization of paragraph: In the outline you simply write down a list of ideas that will be developed to support the topic sentence. Thus, a paragraph has three parts: a topic sentence or introduction, a discussion, which contains the development of the controlling idea to support the topic sentence, and a conclusion, which is a restatement of the topic sentence in different words.

7. Assignment • Topic Sentence:Rubber has helped to create our present day modern civilization. • Outline: - rubber is used in transportation and electricity. - eighty percent of the component of automotive industry is rubber. - rubber is used in transmission, conveyer belts and tires. - rubber is used in footwear and cable insulation. - rubber is used in coated fabrics to obtain waterproof properties. • Conclusion: Thus, it can be said that we owe much of our present modern life to rubber.