Enhancing Learning Through Different Types of Guidance

1. Guidance is part of the learning process Learning is affected by the guidance given and results in a more or less permanent change in behaviour Guidance is the help and instruction given to complete a task Guidance is required when new skills are being learnt and is used to improve performance There are three Types of Guidance – Visual, Verbal, Manual/ Mechanical UNIT 1 - Information Practical Application Visual: Demonstrations, videos, posters, wall charts. Especially useful when learning a new skill – shows the learner the pattern of movement. Verbal: Guidance listened to, instructional – can be repeated and changed to suit purpose, creating an image of the task. The amount and quality of information given is important. Effective with small groups/ individuals or advanced groups where tactics/ positional plays are important. Often used with visual. Manual/ Mechanical: Physical support/ artificial aids/ manipulative aids. Useful for complex or dangerous skills – reduce error, gives confidence. Especially good for the first time performance e.g. somersault in gymnastics MAIN MENU

2. 3 groups – each delivering same task to same control group, but using a different type of guidance e.g. handstand in gymnastics. Record performances and discuss results and success of each of the 3 guidance groups and the control group. Initiate discussion with whole group: Control group – which type of guidance did they find useful and why? How easy did they find the skill to learn? What are the benefits and disadvantages of each of the 3 types of guidance? Guidance groups – would they have changed any part of how they presented the skill? If so, why? UNIT 1 – Practical Application MAIN MENU

3. Characteristics of a skilled performance Type of learner – cognitive, associative, autonomous stages of learning Type of skill to be learnt – OPEN/ CLOSED, BASIC/ COMPLEX Type of PRACTICE used – WHOLE, PART, FIXED, VARIABLE FEEDBACK – Strengths/ Weaknesses, progression, confidence MOTIVATION – INTRINSIC/ EXTRINSIC UNIT 1 - Links

4. VISUAL UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

5. VERBAL UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

6. MANUAL UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

7. 1. a) Why is visual guidance particularly suitable for learning a new skill? b) Why can verbal guidance be of limited use on its own? c) What are the benefits of verbal guidance? d) When is manual/ mechanical guidance best used? 2. Explain when each of the 3 Types of Guidance would be best used by a teacher/ coach to improve performance. UNIT 1 - Activity

8. 3. APPLIED QUESTIONS Candidates should be able to use their OWN EXPERIENCES in physical activity to answer the following: Explain fully a Type of Guidance you have received which has helped you to improve your performance in a named sporting activity. 4. Do the students have a preferred way of learning (guidance)? UNIT 1 - Activity

9. “Learning results in a more or less permanent change in behaviour” Explain how learning can be affected by the guidance received. Drag and drop the types of guidance to complete the table below: UNIT 1 - Activity Verbal Manual Visual

10. KEY FACTS VISUAL – guidance by seeing/ watching VERBAL – guidance by listening MANUAL/ MECHANICAL – guidance by support UNIT 1 – Key Facts/ Glossary GUIDANCE Learning is affected by guidance given to us VISUAL MANUAL VERBAL • Type of learner/ type of skill influences • When are they best used?