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Chapter 22 Pest Management

Chapter 22 Pest Management. What is a Pesticide. Pesticides can be all of the following: Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Rodenticides Narrow spectrum pesticide- Broad spectrum pesticide-. Second generation pesticide Synthetic poison Ex: DDT, malathion , atrazine.

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Chapter 22 Pest Management

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  1. Chapter 22Pest Management

  2. What is a Pesticide Pesticides can be all of the following: Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Rodenticides Narrow spectrum pesticide- Broad spectrum pesticide-

  3. Second generation pesticide Synthetic poison Ex: DDT, malathion, atrazine • First generation pesticide • Inorganic compounds • Botanicals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MxrH4lN0-A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-aoDBSjhEiA

  4. Major Groups of Insecticides Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Slow to degrade and persist in the environment Banned or largely restricted Organophosphates Most poisonous insecticide Do not persist as long as chlorinated hydrocarbons Cabamates Broad spectrum; derived from cabamic acid

  5. Benefits of Pesticides Crop Protection Pests eat and destroy 1/3 of world’s crops Farmers save $$ Disease control Fleas, lice and mosquitoes carry disease Malaria- mosquito born DDT

  6. Locations of Malaria

  7. Problems with Pesticides Evolution of Genetic Resistance

  8. Pesticide Resistance Pesticide Treadmill Cost of applying pesticide increases While their effectiveness decreases Resistance Management

  9. Problems with Pesticides Imbalances the Ecosystem Spraying to kill insects can affect birds, rabbits, etc.

  10. Problems with Pesticides Creation of New Pests

  11. Problems with Pesticides Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification Do these words look familiar? They should!

  12. Problems with Pesticides Mobility in the Environment Do not stay where they are applied All leads back to humans Or the environment!

  13. Risk of Pesticides to Human Health Short-term Effects of Pesticides Handling food with pesticide residue • Mild: nausea, vomiting, headaches • Severe: damage to nervous system,

  14. Risk of Pesticides to Human Health Long-term Effects of Pesticides Cancer Sterility Miscarriage Birth defects Decreases body’s ability to fight infection Potential connection to Parkinson’s disease

  15. Alternatives to Pesticides Using cultivation methods to control pests Interplant mixtures of plants (alternating rows) Strip cutting Proper timing of planting, fertilizing, and irrigating Crop rotation Reproductive Controls Sterilizing some of the members

  16. Alternatives to Pesticides Biological Control Use of naturally occurring disease organisms, parasites or predators to control pests

  17. Alternatives to Pesticides Pheromones and Hormones By applying insect hormones at wrong time in life cycle, insects can be killed off Genetic Controls Genetically Modified plants (GMOs) Bt toxin Potential problem: may affect non-target species Quarantine Restriction of the importation of exotic plant and animal material that might harbor pests

  18. Systems Approach - Integrated Pest Management (IPM) IPM Combination of pest control methods that keeps pest population low without economic loss

  19. Integrated Pest Management

  20. Systems Approach - Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Rice Production in Indonesia IPM Introduced

  21. Alternatives to Pesticides Irradiating Food Harvested food is expose to ionizing radiation, which kills many microorganisms Somewhat controversial due to potential for free radicals

  22. Laws Controlling Pesticide Use Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (1938) Pesticide Chemicals Amendment (1954) Delaney Cause (1958) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947, updated most recently in 2008) Food Quality Protection Act (1996)

  23. Manufacture and Use of Banned Pesticides Some US companies still make banned or seriously restricted pesticides Product is exported Importation of food w/banned pesticides Global ban of persistent organic pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2004)

  24. Manufacture and Use of Banned Pesticides - The Dirty Dozen

  25. Links thanks to Duke University • http://forages.css.orst.edu/topics/pests/ -- learn about some well known pests (like aphids, beetles, and grasshoppers) • http://ianrwww.unl.edu/ianr/pubs/catalog/insects.htm -- find out all the information about some of the most notorious pests • http://www.reeusda.gov/ruralconf/udsa-ref/nass-l -- find some statistics on the use of pesticides • http://www.igc.apc.org/millennium/inds/pop.html -- how long will it take to reach 9 billion people in the world? Click here to find out. • http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/txt/fairs/31610 -- learn more about the safety of pesticides. • http://www.efn.org/~ncap/pestic~2.html -- here are some reasons why pesticides are dangerous • http://www.ewg.org/pub/home/Reports/shoppers/Shoppers.html -- find out about pesticides in common, everyday foods • http://www.blackpool.net/www/sbwalsh/pests.htm -- more information about your favorite pests

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