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The Animal Kingdom

The Animal Kingdom. Chapters 12-19. Chapter 12: Porifera and Cnidarians:. Porifera (sponges): -Invertebrates with a hollow body and two layers of cells (ectoderm and endoderm) (“ ecto ” = outer, “ endo ” = inner, “ derm ” = skin)

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The Animal Kingdom

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  1. The Animal Kingdom Chapters 12-19

  2. Chapter 12: Porifera and Cnidarians: • Porifera (sponges): • -Invertebrates with a hollow body and two layers of cells (ectoderm and endoderm) • (“ecto” = outer, “endo” = inner, “derm” = skin) • -Reproduce asexually by budding and regeneration, or sexually with sperm and eggs • Natural sponges for cleaning

  3. Cnidarians (Jellyfish and relatives): • -Lives attached to a solid surface as a polyp • -Swims freely as a medusa • Coral reefs provide food and shelter for marine organisms

  4. Questions: • 1. What are flagella, and how do sponges use them? (page 201) • 2. All cnidarians have radial symmetry, what does this mean? (page 203) • 3. Explain how sponges reproduce by the process of regeneration. (page 202)

  5. 1. A whip-like structure that they use to keep a steady stream of water flowing through its body cavity. • 2. All body parts are arranged around its mouth, like the spokes of a wheel. • 3. A piece falls or breaks off and whole new sponge can grow from that piece.

  6. Chapter 13: Worms • Have three layers of cells, an endoderm, an ectoderm and a mesoderm (“meso” = middle, “derm” = skin) • Some types: • A) Flatworms (ex: tapeworms) • B) Roundworms (ex: pinworms) • C) Segmented worms (ex: earthworms) • Many types of worms are parasites

  7. Parasitic Worms Videos: • Kids and Pinworms • Tapeworms in the brain?

  8. questions: • 1. Worms have bilateral symmetry, what does this mean? (page 216) • 2. What are ganglia? (page 221) • 3. Why do earthworms avoid sunlight?

  9. Chapter 14: Mollusks and Echinoderms • Mollusks: • Have a soft body, usually covered by a protective shell • (ex: snail, clam, octopus) • Echinoderms: • Name means “spiny skin”. • Radial symmetry body with an exoskeleton (“exo” = outer) • (ex: sea urchin, sea star)

  10. questions: • 1. What is a visceral mass? (page 234) • 2. What is the difference between univalves and bivalves? (pages 234 and 236) • 3. What structure do clams use to feed? (page 236) • 4. Explain how pearls are formed. (page 245)

  11. Mollusk Video: • Nature of Things: "Aliens of the Deep Sea" (Smart Mullosks)

  12. Chapter 15: Arthropods • Have jointed appendages (arms, legs etc) • Have segmented bodies • Have an exoskeleton. • Examples: insects, crabs, scorpions (arachnids).

  13. questions: • 1. For what purpose(s) do crustaceans use each of the following structures: (page 256) • A) Mandibles • B) Antennae

  14. Chapter 16: Fishes • Are vertebrates • Are ectothermic (“ecto” = outer, “thermic” = heat) Three types: a) Jawless (ex: lampreys) b) Cartilaginous (ex: sharks) c) Bony (ex: Codfish, trout)

  15. Questions from page 282-283: • Applying definitions #’s: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10 • Content Review #’s: 2, 3, 4

  16. Chapter 17: Amphibians and Reptiles • Amphibians: • Breathe with gills as larvae, but lungs as adults • Are ectothermic • Lay eggs without shells in water • (ex: frogs, salamanders) • Reptiles: • Breathe with lungs • Are ectothermic • Lay eggs with shells on land • (snakes, lizards)

  17. questions: • 1. What does the term “metamorphosis” mean? (page 287) • 2. What do amphibians use mucus glands for? (page 289) • Concept Review #’s: 3, 6 (pg 303)

  18. Chapter 18: Birds • Distinguished by feathers • Have wings and legs • Have lightweight (hollow) bones • Body is adapted for flight • Are endothermic (“endo” = inner, “thermic” = heat)

  19. questions: • 1. For what purpose do birds use each of the following structures? • A) an egg tooth (page 315) • B) a crop (page 311) • C) a gizzard (page 311) • 2. Why do birds migrate? (page 316) • Content Review #’s: 1, 2, 3, 4 (Page 319)

  20. The Intelligence of Birds: • "A Murder of Crows“ • http://www.cbc.ca/video/#/Shows/The_Nature_of_Things/1242300217/ID=1385855962

  21. Chapter 19: Mammals • Are endothermic • Are vertebrates • Have hair, mammary glands, 4-chambered heart, large brain • Types: • A) Monotremes (ex: platypus) • B) Marsupials (ex: kangaroos) • C) Placental (ex: humans)

  22. questions: • 1. What is a gestation period? (page 326) • 2. Define each of the following: • A) monotreme (pg 323) • B) marsupial (pg 323) • C) Placental (pg 323) • Matching #’s: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (pg 338) • Content Review #’s: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 (pg 339)

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