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Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic Resistance. http://iconsinmedicine.wordpress.com/. Learning Targets. What strategies do bacteria use to fight streptomycin? Where do these strategies come from?. Antibiotic Resistance. Different bacteria use different resistance strategies. Some bacteria use multiple strategies.

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Antibiotic Resistance

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  1. Antibiotic Resistance http://iconsinmedicine.wordpress.com/

  2. Learning Targets • What strategies do bacteria use to fight streptomycin? • Where do these strategies come from?

  3. Antibiotic Resistance • Different bacteria use different resistance strategies. • Some bacteria use multiple strategies. http://laboratory-manager.advanceweb.com/Features/Articles/Tackling-Antibiotic-Resistance.aspx

  4. Bacillus megaterium’s Resistance Strategies Strategy 1: Actively pump antibiotic out of cell. DNA Level: Mutation that causes over-expression of gene for pumps  more efflux pumps in cell membrane. Efflux Pumps Cell Level:

  5. Bacillus megaterium’s Resistance Strategies Strategy 2: Ribosome shape changes slightly and antibiotic can no longer bind to it. Cell Level: DNA Level: Mutation in ribosomal RNA gene

  6. Summary Check Point • What are the two strategies Bacillus megateriumuses to fight against antibiotics? • Where did these strategies come from?

  7. The Rest of the Story . . . . http://novabay.com/blog-post/growing-crisis-antibiotic-resistance-get-can-done

  8. Plasmids • Plasmids have genes for antibiotic resistance. Streptomycin Resistance Gene

  9. Lateral Gene Transfer Image Source: http://www.evolution-textbook.org/content/free/figures/07_EVOW_Art/19_EVOW_CH07.jpg

  10. Summary • Plasmids reproduce and move into surrounding bacteria. • Process is called lateral gene transfer. • How does lateral gene transfer make antibiotic resistance an even BIGGER problem?

  11. Extra slides beyond this point

  12. Natural Selection Model Over time, mutations occur in the population. Antibiotics Introduced Only resistant bacteria survive. Resistant bacteria reproduce.

  13. Natural Selection Review Image Source: HealthDecide.orcahealth.com

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