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The Thrill of Victory and the Agony of Defeat

The Thrill of Victory and the Agony of Defeat. HIST 3004 9/23/13. Siege of Antioch. Oct. 21, 1097 – June 2, 1098 Well fortified Access to outside world Crusaders left without food. Crusader Politics and Antioch. Jealous of Baldwin Raymond urges immediate attack

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The Thrill of Victory and the Agony of Defeat

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  1. The Thrill of Victory and the Agony of Defeat HIST 3004 9/23/13

  2. Siege of Antioch • Oct. 21, 1097 – June 2, 1098 • Well fortified • Access to outside world • Crusaders left without food

  3. Crusader Politics and Antioch • Jealous of Baldwin • Raymond urges immediate attack • Bohemond urges long siege • Where is Alexius I? • What does Stephen of Blois have to do with it? • Race to claim the city

  4. Seljuq Politics and Antioch • YaghiSiyan – Emir of Antioch • Shams al-Dawla – his son • Ridwan – Sultan of Aleppo • Duqaq – Sultan of Damascus • Dec. 1097 – Duqaq marches north • Dec. 31 – turn around after skirmish with crusaders • Feb. 10 – Ridwan’s forces routed

  5. Seljuq Politics and Antioch • Karbuqa – Atabeg of Mosul • April, 1098 – Karbuqa leaves Mosul for Antioch • May – Redirects towards Edessa • June 3 – Firuz gives crusaders access to Antioch • Shams al-Dawla takes citadel • June 5 – Karbuqa arrives…

  6. The Holy Lance • Crusaders besieged in Antioch • No spoils or supplies • Peter Bartholomew and St. Andrew • Raymond supports vision • Adhemar has seen lance in Constantinople • June 15 – Lance uncovered • June 28 – Karbuqa’s army dissolves

  7. Competing Views Anselm of Ribemont Vs. Ralph of Caen

  8. Aftermath of Antioch • Alexius’ failure to arrive forfeits Byzantine claims. • Bohemond becomes Prince of Antioch • Raymond fears crusaders will not fulfill vows • Adhemar of Le Puy killed by plague • Threat to dismantle Antioch if Bohemond and Raymond cannot come to an agreement

  9. Moving on… • Raymond declared leader of the crusade • Bohemond given Antioch, if he will march to Jerusalem • Jan. 13, 1099 – crusaders march south • Raymond takes on pilgrim’s garb, marches barefoot

  10. Meanwhile… • Aug. 26, 1098 – Jerusalem captured by Fatimids • Villages and towns between Antioch and Jerusalem along frontier between Fatimids and Seljuqs • Local leaders interested in paying tribute over fighting • Alliances to avoid Fatimid territory • Are the crusaders’ motivations clear?

  11. The Cannibals of Ma’arra What? Why? How?

  12. Siege of Jerusalem • Can you take Jerusalem… in the summer… with a Fatimid army coming from Egypt… and no reliable supply lines? • Can you tell the rank and file in June 1099 (2.5 years after Claremont) that Jerusalem has to wait? • June 6: Bethlehem captured, lunar eclipse, first sight of Jerusalem…

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