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Victory and Defeat in the Greek World. Key Terms. Alliance Direct Democracy Stipend Jury Ostracism. The Persian Wars. Athens emerged as the wealthiest Greek city-state They sent forces to help the Ionian Greeks fight the Persians Persia was victorious
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Key Terms • Alliance • Direct Democracy • Stipend • Jury • Ostracism
The Persian Wars • Athens emerged as the wealthiest Greek city-state • They sent forces to help the Ionian Greeks fight the Persians • Persia was victorious • For punishment, Darius I sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish • Battle of Marathon • Overwhelmed by the fury of the Athenian assault, the Persians hastily retreated to their ships
Renewed Attacks • Darius’s son, Xerxes, sent a much larger force to conquer Greece • A small Spartan force guarded the narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae • Leonidas held out against the Persian Force • After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched south and burned Athens • The Athenians lured the Persian navy into narrow strait of Salamis • Persian navy was trapped • Greeks defeated the Persians on land in Asia Minor • Marked the end of the Persian invasions
Results • Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful city-state in Greece • Athens organized the Delian League • Alliance with other Greek city-states • Athens dominated it
Athens in the Age of Pericles • Years after the Persian Wars were a golden age • Under Pericles • Athens was a direct democracy • Athenian jury included hundreds or even thousands of jurors • Citizens would vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy
The Funeral Oration • Pericles praised the Athenian form of government • Pericles stressed not only the rights but also the duties of citizenship • Considered one of the earliest and greatest expressions of democratic ideals
Economic and Cultural Life • Hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the Acropolis • Building projects increased Athenians’ prosperity by creating jobs for artisans and workers • Gods favored the Athenians • Pericles turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece
The Peloponnesian War • Other Greek states in the Delian League opposed Athenian domination • Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League • Athens faced a serious geographic disadvantage • Sparta was located inland so it could not be attacked from the sea • Many people from Athens moved within the city walls • Overpopulation led to plague • Killed 1/3 of the population • With Persian help, Sparta finally over took Athens
The Aftermath of War • The Peloponnesian War ended Athenian domination of the Greek world • Athenian economy revived and Athens remained the cultural center of Greece.
Questions to Consider • What is the Funeral Oration? Why is it important? • Explain the importance of the Age of Pericles. What did Pericles do for Athens? • What is the difference between the Persian and Peloponnesian War? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJZ-STX0x0c