Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

1. Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

2. The Persian Wars • Athens: most wealthy Greek city-state • Ionian states were under Persian rule • Greeks aid Ionians in rebellion • Darius I is furious with Athenians and attacks

3. The Persian Wars • Persians • Outnumber Athenian soldier • Athenians break through Persian lines • Athenian victory

4. The Persian Wars • Victory for Athens was short lived • Xerxes • Sent much larger force to attack Greece

5. The Persian Wars • Persians landed in Northern Greece • Met by allied Sparta and Leonidas • After beating Spartans – moved south towards Athens • Lured into a strait • Attacked by Greeks and lose battle

6. The Persian Wars • Results • Gods had protected their superior form of government • Athens: remains most powerful city-state • Created alliances

7. Athens in the Age of Pericles • Considered “golden age” • Direct democracy • Creation of a jury • Ostracism

8. Athens in the Age of Pericles • Economic and Cultural Life • Rebuilt the Acropolis • Built statues and coliseums • Economic prosperity • Emphasis on thinkers, writers, artists

9. Peloponnesian War • Athens’ power drew resentment from other city-states • Greek vs. Greek • Athens: geographic disadvantage • Sparta eventually captures Athens

10. Peloponnesian War • Results • Athens’ population drops because of disease • Athens rebounds and still remained the cultural center of Greece • Democratic government begins to fail • Corruption • Selfish interests

11. Answer Questions With A Partner • Name two effects of the Persian Wars • How did Pericles contribute to Athenian society? • How did the growth of the Athenian power lead to war?

12. The Glory That Was Greece

13. Greek Philosophers • Dealt with…. • Math • Reason • Music • Logic • Rational thinking

14. Socrates • Socratic method • Patient examination was a way to help others seek truth and self-knowledge • Guilt of corrupting youth and disrespecting the gods • Sentenced to death

16. Plato • Socrates understudy • Wrote books about Socrates’ ideas • Argued government should control every aspect of a citizens life

17. Aristotle • Suspicious of democracy • Favored strong rulers • Questioned how people ought to live

19. Left: Plato; Right: Aristotle

20. Arts and Architecture • Architecture • Parthenon: temple for goddess Athena • Sculpture and Painting • Natural poses • Gods • Goddesses • Athletes

21. Poetry and Drama • “classical style” • Based on popular myths and legends • Tragedy • Plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster • Comedies • Humorous plays that mocked people or customs

22. Answer Questions With A Partner • Why do you think Plato rejected democracy as a form of government? • Describe Plato’s ideal form of government • How were Greek plays performed? • What were the topics of Greek poetry and plays?

23. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age

24. Alexander the Great • Philip • Dreamed of conquering states to the South • Took over Greece • Assassinated at his daughter’s wedding

25. Alexander the Great • Philip’s son Alexander comes to power • Begins conquest of Persian empire • 1st victory: Granicus River • 331 BC: Captured Babylon

26. Alexander the Great • India • Failed invasion – forced to retreat • Sudden Death • Fell victim to a fever • Eventually three generals will split up his empire

27. The Legacy of Alexander • Spread of Greek culture • Alexander, soldiers, traders, and artisans all help create settlements based on Greek life

28. The Legacy of Alexander • Alexandria • Heart of the Hellenistic world • City could be home to 1,000,000 people • Scholars: museums Pharos of Alexandria - Lighthouse

29. The Legacy of Alexander • Women • More learned to read and write • Advances in learning • Earth rotated on an axis • Heliocentric: sun centered solar system

30. Questions To Answer With Partner • Where did Alexander’s empire extend to? • How did Alexander’s conquest lead to a new civilization? • Identify three advances in learning.