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Cyanobacteria(only chl a)

Cyanobacteria(only chl a). Eg. Oscillatoria , Synecococcus Phycobilins (green color), in phycobilisomes, chlorophyll a phycoerythrin-red, phycocyanin-blue reaction center - thyllakoids (lamellar membranes) carboxysomes- Rubisco- CO 2 fixation heterocysts

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Cyanobacteria(only chl a)

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  1. Cyanobacteria(only chl a) • Eg. Oscillatoria, Synecococcus • Phycobilins (green color), in phycobilisomes, chlorophyll a • phycoerythrin-red, phycocyanin-blue • reaction center - thyllakoids (lamellar membranes) • carboxysomes- Rubisco- CO2 fixation • heterocysts • Significance - primary production, nuisance blooms • Prochlorophytes (chl a and b) NO phycobilins

  2. Cyanobacteria-oxygenic phototrophs Bacteria

  3. GRAM positive Bacteria • Non-sporulating low GC, eg. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, "Epulopiscium" • Endospore forming low GC, eg. Bacillus, Clostridium acetobutylicum • Cell wall-less low GC (Mycoplasma), compare Thermoplasma • High GC (Coryneform and Propionic), swiss cheese • High GC (Mycobacterium), Unique lipids= mycolic acids, TB, leprosy • Filamentous, High GC, -Actinomycetes; Streptomyces and antibiotics

  4. Chlamydia • intracellular parasites of humans (get ATP from host) • like Planctomycetes, they lack peptidoglycan in cell walls • psittacosis

  5. Planctomycetes • Nature Volume 400 Number 6743 p 446-449, Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete • The new planctomycete grows extremely slowly, dividing only once every two weeks. • The identification of this bacterium as the one responsible for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia makes an important contribution to the problem of unculturability. • budding, most are heterotrophs • odd cell divsion, stalked • Isosphaera pallidum, hot spring isolate

  6. Bacteroides and flavobacteria • rumen, gram - anaerobe, grow heterotrophically, best with bile acids

  7. Green sulfur bacteria • eg. Chlorobium • often appear brown because of carotenoids • anoxygenic photosynthesis, efficient energetically, NADPH reduced directly • sulfur on the outside • more tolerant of high H2S • very small cells • Has chlorosome

  8. Spirochetes • Slender motile cells • move like corkscrew • axial element, flagella in periplasmic space, 2 sets of 'fibrils' • freeliving and interesting symbiosis (eg termite guts) J. R. Leadbetter, T. M. Schmidt, J. R. Graber, and J. A. Breznak. 1999. • Acetogenesis from H2 Plus CO2 by Spirochetes from Termite Guts. Science 283: 686-689. • Borellia (lymes disease). Genome. • Complete Genome Sequence of Treponema pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete. Science 1998 July 17; 281:375-388.

  9. Deinococcus/Thermus • THERMUS • Taq polymerase, • heterotrophs, aerobes • often pigmented

  10. DEINOCOCCUS • radiation resistant and desiccation resistance • > 100rad radiation + 30 000Gy (humans killed by < 5Gy) • very effective DNA repair mechanism

  11. Green non-sulfur Bacteria • Chloroflexus • Photoheterotroph, anaerobe • photoautotroph, anaerobe (sulfide and H2 are e-donors) • Reaction center similar to purple S • chemoheterotroph and aerobe in the dark! • Used an unusual pathway to fix CO2 (hydroxyproprionate pathway) • also has chlorosome

  12. Ward et al., MMBR, 62:1353

  13. Other thermophiles • Thermotoga toga, heterotrophic thermophile Thermodesulfurobacterium • ether-linked lipids like Archaea (Ammonifex, Gram + has this too) Desulfurobacterium • S-reducing chemolithotroph recently descibed lineage from deep-sea vents

  14. Aquifex-Hydrogenobacter et al. • most are chemolithotrophs, "knall gas" reaction • thermophiles • small genome

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