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Introduction to Pharmacology

Introduction to Pharmacology. Pharmacology Ch 1 and FPP Ch 5. Basic Terminology. Pharmacology: the study of drugs, how they work, and how they are used by the body Pharmacodynamics - study of how the drugs affect the body Pharmacokinetics-the study of how the body affects the drug

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Introduction to Pharmacology

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  1. Introduction to Pharmacology Pharmacology Ch 1 and FPP Ch 5

  2. Basic Terminology • Pharmacology: the study of drugs, how they work, and how they are used by the body • Pharmacodynamics- study of how the drugs affect the body • Pharmacokinetics-the study of how the body affects the drug • Pharmacotherapeutics- how drugs are used in the treatment of disease • Toxicology- the study of drugs harmful affects on the body

  3. More Terms! • Trade name • Brand name • Generic name • Chemical name • OTC drug • ED50 • Adverse effect • Contraindications • Drug indication • Side effect • Site of action • Receptor • Mechanism of action

  4. Building Blocks Atom Molecule

  5. Smallest Unit of Life Cellular Tissue

  6. Almost There Organ Organ System

  7. Anatomy, Physiology, regulation • Anatomy- Form • Physilogy- Function • Homeostasis- the bodies constant state of maintaining a stable, suitable environment for life. • The body regulates itself by a negative feedback system. Example: Insulin

  8. Carbs, Lipids, and Proteins, oh my! • Carbohydrates- sugar molecules used by the body as quick energy - Monosaccharides “simple sugars”- 1 sugar molecule -Disaccharides- 2 monosaccharides. Frutose+ Glucose= Sucrose - Polysaccharides- repeated units of monosaccharides Most common polysaccharides are starch and glycogen • Lipids- fats that are insoluble in water. -3 categories: triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids

  9. Carbs, Lipids, and Proteins, oh my! Continued… -Steroids: cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone (Also classified as hormones) *Cholesterol is generated by the body and ingested in the form of dietary cholesterol. -High levels of cholesterol lead to arterioscleroses LDL-Low density lipoproteins HDL- High density lipoproteins • Proteins- subunits called amino acids. Involved in all physiological processes in the body

  10. The Cell

  11. The Basic Human Cell Smallest unit of life Perform metabolic functions Communicate with one another through DNA & RNA Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA Located in the nucleus

  12. Cellular Transport- Passive • The movement of substances in, out and between cells. • For movement to occur, a concentration gradient must be present • 2 types of transport: Passive and Active Transport • Passive Transport: -No energy expended or consumed by cell -Flow is down concentration gradient • 3 types of passive transport: Bulk flow, Diffusion, Osmsosis

  13. Transport- Active • Uses energy to move substances in, out and between cells. • Moving against concentration gradient. • Expends energy Mechanisms of active transport: (1) Transport proteins and (2) Vesicles

  14. Transoport…

  15. Types of Vesicle Movement Endocytosis Exocyctosis • Membrane surrounds substance and forms a vesicle • 3 types: Receptor mediated, phagocytosis, pinocytosis • The movement of a vesicle out of a cell

  16. Three Types of Endocytosis

  17. Tissues • Four types of tissues: Epithelial- avascular, relies on connective tissue, example is skin Muscular- Skeletal- voluntary contraction, attached to bones Cardiac-involuntary, located only in the heart Smooth- involuntary, all organs Connective- provide form and structure, 12 types total.(only worried about cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph) Nervous- 2 kinds of cells(Neuron and Neroglia)

  18. Connective Tissue

  19. Journey Through the body • Route of Administration: how the drug enters the body -Absorption- the process of the drug passing through the intestines to be absorbed into the bloodstream. • If administered via injection, the intestines is not used, skipping the “first pass” stage. • The amount of drug available to the body, as well as the rate of absorption is the bioavailability. -Distribution- drug is at molecular level and crosses cell membrane to enter cells where needed.

  20. Journey Through the body Cont. • Metabolism- using enzymes to break medications down into metabolites that can be easily eliminated. • Elimination- through feces, urine, tears, breath and sweat. * Without this step, drugs would build up to toxic levels in the body, potentially causing death.

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