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10. PHYLUM CHORDATA

10. PHYLUM CHORDATA. Dorsal Notochord- long rod that supports the body-becomes the vertebrae in most. Dorsal Nerve cord- becomes the central nervous system. Pharyngeal gill slits- openings in the throat for feeding & breathing-becomes the Pharynx in humans.

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10. PHYLUM CHORDATA

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  1. 10. PHYLUM CHORDATA • Dorsal Notochord-long rod that supports the body-becomes the vertebrae in most. • Dorsal Nerve cord-becomes the central nervous system. • Pharyngeal gill slits-openings in the throat for feeding & breathing-becomes the Pharynx in humans. • Tail-forms in embryos and extends past the anus.

  2. CLASSES OF CHORDATES

  3. CLASS PISCES SUBCLASS SUBCLASS

  4. Classes of Pisces

  5. SUBCLASS AGNATHA • Jawless fish, that are the only vertebrate parasites. • Hagfish live in salt, • Lampreys live in fresh Water. • Have a sucker-like oral disk, with teeth that rasp the flesh & suck out juices from tissue.

  6. Hagfish

  7. CARTILAGINOUS FISH • 850 Species of Sharks, Rays & Skate • Skeleton is made of cartilage. S-shaped swimming/rigid fins. • Gill slits. • Store oils & constant motion to stay afloat. • Scales are small bony plates (at one time used as sandpaper).

  8. RAYS & SKATES • Flattened body for a bottom-dwelling niche • Spiracles & eyes on the dorsal side. • Mouth, nostrils & gill slits on ventral side. • Stingrays have a hollow barb. • Manta ray grows to 18’.

  9. SHARKS • Close to 300 species. • Largest fish in the world-Whale Shark. • Can smell1drop/blood In 1 million parts/water. • Lateral line detect vibrations in the water • Ampullae of Lorenzini Sense changes in electrical field.

  10. WHALE SHARK

  11. CLASS OSTEICHTHYES(BONY FISH) • 96% of all fish belong to this group. • Bony skeletons, gill operculum's. • Rigid bodies, flexible fins. • Swim bladders for buoyancy. • Chromatophores for color.

  12. SKIN & SCALES • The skin of bony fish has chromatophores-mating, camouflage. • Light, flexible scales for protection. • Produce mucus to reduce friction in water & protect against predators.

  13. FINS & LOCOMOTION • Due to the rigid nature of their body, bony fish “flex” their fins for propulsion. • Paired fins are for fine movements. • Dorsal & Ventral are used to stabilize. • Caudal is for speed!

  14. SWIM BLADDER & GILLS • Swim/air bladder-gas filled sac that can be used for buoyancy, sound & protection. • Gills extract Oxygen efficiently from water. • Covered by an operculum, there are 3 parts-gill raker, gill arch & gill filaments. • Blood flow in the filaments is opposite the flow of water resulting in the greatest amount of gas exchange!

  15. BONY FISH ANATOMY

  16. GILL EFFICIENCY • Counter-flow efficiency

  17. Blood Water 20% 100% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% Concurrentexchange • Fluids flow in the same direction • equilibrium between the two fluids occurs

  18. Blood Water 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Counter CurrentExchange • Fluids flow in the opposite directions • Equilibrium between the two fluids never occurs

  19. LATERAL LINE • Lateral line is a series of pits on the side of a fish that lead directly to spinal cord. • It can sense the slightest movements in the water. (vibrations) • Schooling: fish use this sense to school..(about 80 % of all species school at one time) • Schooling helps with: mating, Protection in #’s, disruptive.

  20. REPRODUCTION • Oviparous-both sexes spawn & eggs are fertilized externally. • Ovoviparous-some incubate the eggs • Viviparous-some species actually bear their young live!

  21. Migrations • Catadromous- Breed in the oceans but live in freshwater • Eels migrate to the Sargasso Sea, they spawn at depths of 300 meters and die when done

  22. Anadromous- Breed in freshwater but live in salt • Atlantic Salmon makes multiple trips in its lifetime • Pacific Salmon only once

  23. SYMBIOSIS

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