1 / 85

ARFF FOR STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTERS

ARFF FOR STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTERS. FIREFIGHTER MIKE BALES. SNOHOMISH COUNTY AIRPORT FIRE DEPARTMENT. Objectives. Contribute to knowledge of basic fire fighting and rescue principles Reinforce skills necessary to effectively operate local rescue and fire fighting equipment

olliewilliamson
Download Presentation

ARFF FOR STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTERS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ARFF FOR STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTERS • FIREFIGHTER MIKE BALES SNOHOMISH COUNTY AIRPORT FIRE DEPARTMENT

  2. Objectives • Contribute to knowledge of basic fire fighting and rescue principles • Reinforce skills necessary to effectively operate local rescue and fire fighting equipment • Learn post incident procedures, and how they are different from a normal fire scene

  3. TrainingRequirements • Meets WAC 296-305-05013 and NFPA 402M Standards for Aircraft and Rescue Fire fighting

  4. Key Benefits • While accidents involving commercial aircraft may receive the greatest publicity, it is the accidents involving general aviation and commuter aircraft which offer the greatest potential to local emergency response personnel

  5. Introduction Introduction to Aircraft Personal Safety Agents and Equipment Aircraft Incidents Aircraft Evacuations Strategy and Tactics Course Outline

  6. References • Crash, Fire & Rescue Handbook • IFSTA Aircraft • FAA Aircraft Training Curriculum • FAA Advisory Circulars • NFPA Codes and Standards • Why Airplanes Crash • California State Fire Marshal’s ARFF Program

  7. Acknowledgments • Firefighter Mike Bales, Snohomish Co. Airport Fire Dept. • Sandy Engstrom, Snohomish. Co. Airport Fire Dept. • Lt.. Albert Alcalde, Port of Portland Fire Dept. • Capt.'s Jeff Griffin and Gary White, Port of Seattle Fire Dept. • California State ARFF Program

  8. INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT There are four basic types of aircraft: • Propeller, • Turbo-prop, • Jet, and • Helicopter 1 4

  9. Single Engine Propeller • Construction: (1) Light metal (2) metal frame and fabric • Passenger Capacity: 1-6 • Fuel Capacity: 40-200 gallons

  10. Two Engine Propeller • Construction: (1) Light to heavy metal (2) Depends on size, speed and altitude requirements • Passenger capacity: Up to 60 • Fuel Capacity: (1) small A/C 100-300 gal (2) Large A/C up to 3,000 gallons

  11. Four Engine Propeller • Construction: Heavy metal • Passenger Capacity: 50-150 • Fuel Capacity: several thousand gallons

  12. Turbo Prop • Uses turbine engines to drive the props. It consists of a propeller geared to and driven by a small turbojet engine, distinguished from piston engines by the turbo props cylindrical shaped engine nacelle and a single exhaust which is much larger in diameter than those on piston engines

  13. Multi-Engine Jet • Construction: (1) Heavy metal (2) Extensive use of combustible metals and composites • Passenger capacity: 6-500 • Fuel capacity: 1,000 gallons and up

  14. Special • Seaplane (water landing) • Cropduster

  15. Military Jet • Construction: (1) Heavy to stand stress (2) Extensive use of combustible metals and composites • Passenger capacity: 1-500 • Fuel Capacities: vary on size, type and mission of aircraft

  16. Helicopters • Construction: Light metals • Passenger capacity: 2-50 • Fuel capacity: 70-1,000 gallons

  17. Aircraft Construction Materials • Steel: Used in certain parts of the aircraft where strength and or heat tolerance is critical: (a) Engine parts (b) Structural framing (c) Skin surface

  18. Aluminum • Skin surface: lightweight, does not withstand heat well, melts at low temperatures • Duraluminum is an aluminum alloy that is heat treated and is slightly stronger than aluminum

  19. Magnesium • Strong and lightweight: used in areas where forcible entry will not be required -(a) Landing gear (b) Wheels • Difficult to ignite; however, once ignited, burns intensely and is very difficult to extinguish

  20. Titanium • Heat resistant areas: used to reinforce skin surfaces to protect them from impinging exhaust flame or heat • Used as internal engine parts such as turbine • Is a combustible metal that burns with intensity and resists extinguishment

  21. Composite Materials • Widely used for its strength, stiffness, and light weight features • Primary usage: flight control surfaces • Interesting Note: Burning graphite may knock out radio transmission

  22. Aircraft Systems Hazards or potential hazards created by such aircraft systems as fuel, hydraulic, electrical, oxygen, flight control, landing gear and egress or escape systems. We need to be aware of these systems when dealing with an aircraft accident

  23. Fuel System • Largest system in the aircraft presents the greatest hazard • Capacities range from: 30-50,000 gallons • Fuel tank locations: (1) Wings (2) Belly (3) Auxiliary • Fuel Lines (1) 1/8” to 4” (2) 4-40 PSI

  24. Aircraft Fuels • Two basic types of fuels used in aircraft: (1) Aviation gasoline: (much like automobile gasoline) (2) Jet Fuel: (Jet-A) A blend of gasoline & kerosene

  25. Aviation Gasoline (AVGAS) • Aviation gasoline ( AVGAS) is the same as the gasoline used in automobiles except that AVGAS has a higher octane rating than automotive fuel ( 100-145) • The flash point of aviation gasoline is approximately - 50 degrees F

  26. Jet- A • Jet-A is a kerosene grade fuel that has flash points between 95 degrees F and 145 degrees F depending on the particular fuel mixture • Jet-A fuel does not spread as rapidly as gasoline • JP-5 is a grade of Jet-A fuel used by some military forces

  27. Electrical Systems • Current for lights, electronic equipment, pumps, warning systems etc • Batteries: Lead acid or Nickel cadmium Shutoff and disconnect (exterior and in cockpit) • APU- Auxiliary Power Unit • External Power

  28. Engines • Reciprocating: Power from the engine is transmitted through the crank shaft to the propeller. Operates similar to auto engines. Differences: they are air cooled/ have large oil tanks. Also, has an accessory section which drives the pumps for the fuel, oil and hydraulic systems as well as the generators for the electrical system

  29. Jet Engine • Draws air in , where it is compressed, mixed with fuel, ignited and expelled out the tailpipe to produce thrust

  30. Jet Engine (Con’t.) • Jet engine exhaust is super heated and may approach velocities of 300 mph. Avoid exhaust areas when engines are running. Stay at least 30’ from the front. Always assume engines are operating after an accident , a jet engine may continue to run if the fuel is not shutoff

  31. Hydraulic Systems • Operates landing gear, nose gear steering, brakes and wing flaps • Fluid may be flammable ( Skydrol) • Pressures up to 3,000 PSI • Pressure stays on system for sometime after shutdown

  32. Oxygen Systems • On all aircraft intended for high altitude operation • Storage (1) pressurize gas (2) cryogenic liquid (3) chemically • Hazards- (1) Oxygen enhances combustion (2) Cylinders may rupture (3) Explosion of LOX mixtures • Leaks- May be controlled by using water fog

  33. Egress Systems • Ejection seat propels a 300 pound object / 60’ per sec. • Canopy jettison - last choice • Ejection seats: Rocket/gas powered Types: Armrest, between legs and face curtain • All contain explosive hazards • Use extreme caution

  34. Recorders • Flight data recorders (FDR): Usually orange in color . They record airspeed, altitude, heading and acceleration • Cockpit voice recorder (CVR): Crew conversation and communications • Located in the aft section of the aircraft

  35. Aircraft Exits • Normal entry doors • Emergency exits: (1) Doors (2) Windows • Evacuation slides • Cut in areas

  36. Doors, Passenger, Cargo & Service • Quickest and Safest means • Most have handles which pull out and turn to operate • Familiarity with local aircraft is essential • Stay clear of door when opening an aircraft equipped with escape slides • Attempt to pry jammed doors

  37. Emergency Hatches • Can be opened from the outside • Window units will fall into aircraft when the handle is operated • Attempt to pry if jammed

  38. Window Access • Most windows will be too small for exit • Cockpit windows may be used for flight crew rescue • If a large enough window is available, use the point of a tool to break and remove rubber gasket

  39. Cut In • Cut in should be used as a last resort • Extreme caution is required during cut in: 1. Prevent injuries to occupants 2. Use spark reducing tools 3. Keep away from electrical lines 4. Keep all unnecessary personnel away from area 5. Use hand lines to cool and prevent sparks in the cutting area

  40. Rest Your Brain Break

  41. PERSONAL SAFETY An understanding of the potential hazards present at aircraft emergencies increases the ability of RFF personnel to perform operations safely. 2 6

  42. Aircraft Hazards • Propeller- Take care from the front • Tail Rotors- Approach from front • Overhead Rotors- Approach from pilot side • Jet Intake and exhaust blast - 30’ to front 200’- 600’ to the rear • Landing gear, brakes, tires, wheels • Jagged edges • Quick opening flaps, speed brakes, spoilers • Antennas

  43. Military Aircraft Hazards • Egress Systems • Engines • Weapons • Tail Hook

  44. AGENTS & EQUIPMENT Fire fighting personnel must have a detailed understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the various agents used for fire control to select the most appropriate fire control agent for a given situation. 3 8

  45. Foam Tetrahedron Four elements required to make foam: • Water • Foam Concentrate • Mechanical agitation • Air

  46. Foam • Concentrates can be broadly categorized as either of two main classes: • Class A • Class B

  47. Classes of Foam • Class A foams are intended to enhance extinguishing capabilities of water when attacking fires involving ordinary combustibles • Class B foams are used to extinguish fires involving flammable and combustible liquids

  48. Class B Foam • Used to extinguish fires involving flammable and combustible liquids • Mixed in proportions from 1% - 6% (3% rate on hydrocarbons, 6% on polar solvents) • Newer multi-purpose foams may be used at 3% regardless of the type of fuel they are used on

  49. Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) • Most common foam used today. • Completely synthetic • Available in 1,3 and 6% concentrations • Reduce surface tension of the water (allows to spread across the fuel) • May be premixed

  50. AFFF Application Rate • Minimum for hydrocarbon spill fire is (.10 gpm/ft2) of finished foam • Minimum for Polar solvent spill fires is between (.10 and .20 gpm/ft2) depending on manufacturer. NOTE: This is for alcohol resistant formulas of AFFF • Always read manufactures label for proper use

More Related