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Language as a Practice. Practices are: Actions and activities shared by many people Repeated and used many times. Community. A group of people who come together around shared actions and activities Communities have a whole set of practices Language Clothing Activities
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Language as a Practice • Practices are: • Actions and activities shared by many people • Repeated and used many times
Community • A group of people who come together around shared actions and activities • Communities have a whole set of practices • Language • Clothing • Activities • Everyone belongs to many communities • People know how to speak, dress, act appropriately for every community
Communities of Practice (CoPs) • A group of people who: • Participate in shared, repeated practices • Share some values • Use language in similar, specialized ways This term focuses emphasizes how shared activities help to define a community
Linguistic Landscapes • What CoP does your picture represent? • What are some of the practices in that CoP? • Language • Clothing • Activities • Are there practices that seem more “normal”? Less normal?
Markedness • Unmarked categories, language, and identities: • Are thought of by a community as “natural,” “normal,” or “ordinary” and are therefore less visible • Examples: walk; The Warriors; “a man” • Marked categories, language, and identities: • Are thought to somehow differ from the norm • Examples: walked; The Lady Warriors; “a gay man”
Example from the SuperBowl • https://www.youtube.com/user/Newcastle?v=acxXJz7gQnE
How is language used in the following slides to make some categories seem marked and others seem unmarked?
Journals • What examples can you give of things that would be marked vs. unmarked in 1 of your CoPs or in 1 of the spaces in your linguistic landscape? • What blends into the landscape as normal and almost invisible? • What stands out? • Think about language as well as other practices (clothing, people, activities)