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M o t i o n: An Overview

M o t i o n: An Overview. Define Motion in terms of: Speed Velocity Acceleration Force Net force Falling Objects Galileo Acceleration due to gravity 9.8 m/s/s or 32 ft/s/s Horizontal & Vertical Motion. M o t i o n. Sir Isaac Newton 1642 – 1727

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M o t i o n: An Overview

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  1. M o t i o n: An Overview • Define Motion in terms of: • Speed • Velocity • Acceleration • Force • Net force • Falling Objects • Galileo • Acceleration due to gravity • 9.8 m/s/s or 32 ft/s/s • Horizontal & Vertical Motion

  2. M o t i o n Sir Isaac Newton 1642 – 1727 “If I have been able to see further, it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants.” “To me there has never been a higher source of earthly honor or distinction than that connected with advances in Science.” “No great discovery was ever made without a bold guess.”

  3. M o t i o n: An Overview • Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) • Laws of Motion • Law of Gravitation • Centripetal & Centrifugal Force • Indy 500 • Weightlessness

  4. M o t i o n • Motion: An Introduction • Motion seems to be everywhere – but means different things to different people • Keys to Understanding Motion: • Just about everything moves • Change in position or location • Change in time • Motion is . . . “the act or process of changing position relative to some reference during a period of time.” • Properties of Motion • Speed • Velocity • Acceleration

  5. M o t i o n • Speed • 2 variables - distance and time • A ratio • Something – per – something • Defined in terms of distance and time • Speed = distance time • mi/hr • km/hr • m/sec • ft/sec

  6. M o t i o n • Velocity • Defined in terms of speed & direction • Direction will always be considered in a straight line • Acceleration or Deceleration • Defined as the change in velocity over a period of time • “What about that new Corvette you want to buy?” • ZR1 – 600+ hp ($100,000+) • Z06 – 505 hp ($75,000) • Long distance in short amount of time = buy it!!!!

  7. M o t i o n • Forces • Defined as a “push” or “pull” exerted on an object. • Net force - sum of all forces acting on an object. • Think of this as natures “tug-of-war” • Is the natural state of an object to be in motion or at rest? • Galileo : A pioneer of motion • An object placed in motion would remain in motion as long as no external force acted against it • The external force is friction • Inertia - an object will remain in motion or at rest unless acted upon by an external force

  8. M o t i o n

  9. M o t i o n • Falling Objects • Aristotle believed that objects fell at a rate that was proportional their size. • Galileo & the Leaning Tower of Pisa • The same experiment – MWSU style • Apollo 15 • The hammer & the feather video clip • Galileo concluded that the velocity of a falling object increases at a constant rate. • Acceleration

  10. M o t i o n • Acceleration due to gravity • 9.8m/s/s or 32 ft/s/s • Fig. 2.13 & Fig 2.12 (p. 37) • Motion – in two directions • Horizontal, vertical , and what’s in between • Fig. 2.16 (p. 40) • The arrow & the bullet • Isaac Newton & The Laws of Motion • 3 laws

  11. M o t i o n • Law 1 • An object at rest will remain at rest until an external force acts upon it. An object in motion will remain in motion until an external force acts upon it. • Apollo14 – Alan Shepherd’s 6 iron shot

  12. M o t i o n • Law 2 • The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it . . . and . . . inversely proportional to the mass of the object • The harder you push (force) – the greater your acceleration • Double the mass – you will get half the acceleration from the same force • F=ma

  13. M o t i o n • Law 3 • Whenever two objects interact, the force exerted on one object is equal in size and opposite in direction to the force exerted on the other object. • A force is always produced by the interaction of two objects • The forces are always equal and opposite • Walking ????? • Getting out of a boat

  14. M o t i o n • Newton’s Law of Gravitation • 1687 (45 yrs. 0ld) • Defined as: • Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses . . . and . . . inversely proportional to the square of the distances between them. • So what does that mean? • Effect of the Moon on the Earth • Effect of Jupiter on comets

  15. M o t i o n • Orbit & Weightlessness

  16. M o t i o n • In Summary: • Measuring Motion • Speed • Velocity • Acceleration • Falling Objects • Acceleration due to gravity • Newton’s Laws of Motion • Newton’s Law of Gravitation • Putting it all together • Orbit

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