The French and Indian War

1. The French and Indian War Another Step in the Duel for North America

2. THESIS: • The French and Indian War was the major turning point in American colonial relations with the mother country Britain.

3. Background: King William’s War 1689-1697 • British fought the French and Indian Allies • Indian raids against Deerfield and Schenectady • British gained Port Royal but returned it in peace negotiations • British failed to conquer Quebec King William III of England

4. Background: Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713 • British fought against France, Spain and Native Americans • English failed to take Montreal and Quebec • Peace of Utrecht: England gained Acadia, Newfoundland, and trade rights in Spanish America Queen Anne of England

5. Background: King George’s War • English versus the French and Spanish • New Englanders under Mass. governor William Shirely invaded New France and captured Louisbourg- an important seaway fort • Louisbourg was given back to France in the 1748 Treaty King George II of England

6. The Iroquois: Pawns in the Game of Empire • They held the strategic position between New France and the British colonies • British tended to be more arrogant toward natives and French constructed military alliances with Indians to hold off British expansion • British goods were better, cheaper and more available due to British naval control

7. Primary Source Activity #1 • We will be reading excerpts from two speeches by Canassatego, who was the chief of the Onondaga Nation and a diplomat for the Iroquois nation • We will read through paragraph by paragraph and you will fill in the key points • After that, you will work with a partner to complete the close reading graphic organizer (on the back)

8. The War Begins: Fort Duquesne • Fort Duquesne was built to stem British expansion into the Ohio River Valley • Virginia governor Robert Dinwiddie sent Washington to evict the French • Washington attacked an advance patrol, reinforcements and natives counterattack and defeat him at Fort Necessity Model of Fort Duquesne

9. Albany Plan of Union 1754

10. Primary Source Activity #2 • Plan of Albany primary source analysis

11. General Braddock • British sent large numbers of troops to the colonies, displaced the Acadians from Nova Scotia • With 2200 men, Braddock set out to avenge Washington’s defeat General Braddock

12. Braddock Defeated • Braddock was ambushed by Native Americans and French, suffering 1000 casualties • Washington directed the retreat and revived his military career

13. Impact of Braddock’s defeat • Native American on the frontier were emboldened • French and Natives go on the offensive but French general Montcalm began alienating the Indians • French eventually “write off” Canada after poor harvests and numerical inferiority • French eventually destroy Duquense and flee, the British rebuild it as Fort Pitt 1758

14. Primary Source Activity 3: The War • We will read through the first page together and you will fill in the key idea. • Then with a partner, you will read the rest and fill in the key ideas, and also the closer reading graphic organizer with a partner

15. The End of the War • In a three pronged attack, the British attack and defeat Montreal 1760 • 1762: Spain joins the war, hoping to limit the gains of the British, they too are defeated • 1763: Treaty of Paris • France gave Louisiana to Spain • Spain gave Florida to British • West Indies colonies were returned to original colonizers

16. Primary Source Activity #4 • You will read a statement made by Chief Minavavana who was an ally of the French • This time, you will complete all the activities on your own!

17. Homework • Read page 88, section “The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart” and take notes • Read chapter 4 section 1 and take notes • If you have not completed the salutary neglect graphic organizer it is also homework