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Atoms and Elements

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Atoms and Elements

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    1. Atoms and Elements

    2. Atoms

    3. Atoms

    5. Atoms 3 particles form atoms Proton – positively-charged particle in the nucleus with an atomic mass of 1 AMU Neutron – non-charged particle that holds protons together in the nucleus; has 1AMU Electron – negatively-charged particle in an electron cloud outside the nucleus; has almost no mass

    6. Atoms Electron cloud: general location of the electrons Electrons are in constant motion within the cloud meaning they possess energy; but, not all electrons have the same energy Shell: an electron energy level Orbital: a region in the electron cloud where the electron is most likely to be found

    10. Energy of Electrons In general, the higher the shell number, the higher the amount of energy the electron has Shells have orbitals Each orbital can hold 2 electrons Shell 2 has 4 orbitals for a total of 8 electrons Electrons in an orbital have the same amount of energy

    11. Elements

    12. Elements

    14. Elements Primary substances from which all other substances are built Number of protons determines what element it is Each element has unique characteristics (color, odor, smell, density, melting point; how it reacts with other elements)

    15. Isotopes

    17. Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Atomic number is the same Atomic mass is different because the number of neutrons is different Some isotopes are unstable and emit energy to become more stable

    19. Radioactive Isotopes Unstable isotopes emit energy as radiation to become stable Types of radiation Alpha – helium atom Beta – electron Gamma ray – packet of energy

    22. Periodic Table Period - a row in the periodic table Group - a column in the periodic table Each group of elements has similar physical & chemical properties Groups are identified by number from left to right Alkali metals - IA - soft, shiny metals that react vigorously with water Alkaline earth metals - 2A - shiny metals that are not quite so reactive Halogens - 7A - very reactant nonmetals that make good disinfectants Noble gases - 8A - inert gases that do not react

    23. Periodic Table Metals Shiny solids Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Not shiny Poor conductors Low melting points and low density Separated in table by heavy line and color

    24. The End

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