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Introduction to Rhetoric

Introduction to Rhetoric. Get out your binder to take notes. Watch and take notes. Hollister Club Cali— http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epMFQp0bSYo. 3 Types of Appeals. Aristotle postulated three argumentative appeals: logical , ethical , and emotional .

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Introduction to Rhetoric

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  1. Introduction to Rhetoric Get out your binder to take notes.

  2. Watch and take notes • Hollister Club Cali— http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epMFQp0bSYo

  3. 3 Types of Appeals • Aristotle postulated three argumentative appeals: • logical, • ethical, and • emotional. • Strong arguments have a balance of all of three, though logical (logos) is essential for a strong, valid argument. Appeals, however, can also be misused, creating arguments that are not credible.

  4. Logos (logic, claims, and evidence) When used correctly, logical appeal contains the following elements... • Strong, clear claims • Reasonable qualifiers for claims • Warrants that are valid • Clear reasons for claims • Strong evidence (facts, statistics, personal experience, expert authority, interviews, observations, anecdotes) • Acknowledgement of the opposition (concession and refutation)

  5. Ethos (establish the writer as fair, open-minded, honest, and knowledgeable) When used correctly, the writer is seen as... • Well-informed about the topic • Confident in his or her position • Sincere and honest tone • Understanding of the reader's concerns and possible objections • Humane and considerate When used incorrectly, the writer can be viewed as... • Unfair or dishonest • Distorting or misrepresenting information (biased) • Insulting or dismissive of other viewpoints • Advocating intolerant ideas

  6. Pathos When done well, emotional appeals... • Reinforce logical arguments • Use diction and imagery to create a bond with the reader in a human way • Appeal to idealism, beauty, humor, nostalgia, or pity (or other emotions) in a balanced way • Are presented in a fair manner When used improperly, emotional appeals... • Become a substitute for logic and reason • Uses stereotypes to pit one group of people against another • Offers a simple, unthinking reaction to a complex problem • Takes advantage of emotions to manipulate rather than convince credibly

  7. Now that you know some stuff… • Hollister Club Cali— http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epMFQp0bSYo • Understanding rhetoric helps you to understand how you are (or are not being manipulated). • How are you not being manipulated?

  8. Quiz • Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech—July 4th, 1939 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LeNQBxo4xo • Why was this speech successful? • How does context influence the effectiveness?

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