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Afro-Brazilian Musical Traditions

Afro-Brazilian Musical Traditions. Conceptualizing Afro-Brazilian Musical Culture. Contested Terrain Sites of Resistance Appropriation and Nationalization . Defining African Heritage in Afro-Brazilian Traditions. Common Model Transplanted African traditions (without modification)

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Afro-Brazilian Musical Traditions

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  1. Afro-Brazilian Musical Traditions

  2. Conceptualizing Afro-Brazilian Musical Culture • Contested Terrain • Sites of Resistance • Appropriation and Nationalization

  3. Defining African Heritagein Afro-Brazilian Traditions • Common Model • Transplanted African traditions (without modification) • Development of Neo-African Brazilian traditions • Mixture of African and European elements create new hybrid Brazilian forms

  4. African Identity and Afro-Brazilian Religion • Candomblé as Matrix of Africanness • Universal African Identity • Cultural Competency • Singing • Dancing • Drumming

  5. Candomblé • Orixás and Voduns • African Nations • Ketu (Yoruba) • Ijexá (Yoruba) • Nagô (Yoruba) • Gêge (Ewe-Fon) • Congo-Angola (Bantu)

  6. CandombléAesthetics of Participation • Participatory religious experience • Singing, Dancing, Drumming • Spirit possession • Universalist African identity

  7. Abassa Igibale Candomblé House in Recife • Festa/Toque (public celebration) • Lula de Oiyá (Babalorixá) • Ogans (Drummers) • Spirit Possession

  8. Festa/Toque de Candomblé

  9. Lula de OiyáBabalorixá

  10. Ogan Drummers Agbe Atabaque

  11. Spirit Possession

  12. Music of Candomblé Canon of Africanness • Acoustic Texture • Drums and percussion • Solo and responsorial chorus singing • Dancing

  13. Candomblé Song

  14. Afoxé and Maracatu • Two Afro-Brazilian Carnival Traditions • Afoxé (Salvador da Bahia) • Maracatu (Recife, Pernambuco) • African Consciousness • State Intervention and Repression

  15. Afoxés in Bahia • 1890s--Small and Large Parading Groups • 1900s--Prohibition • 1930s--Resurgence • 1949--Filhos de Gandhi • 1970s--Revitalization

  16. Filhos de Gandhi • Founded 1949 • From bloco to afoxé • Ijexá rhythm WebSite WebSite2

  17. Ijexá Rhythm YouTube

  18. Maracatus in Recife Our queen has been crowned Our king came from Mina

  19. Maracatu’s Historical Outline • Crowning Black Kings Rei de Congo/Angola (colonial) • Black Catholic Brotherhoods • Processions and Festivities • African and European cultural mixing • Afro-Brazilian Religious Houses and Nações (Nations) • Maracatu (19th century) • Unlawful gathering of blacks • Disorderly conduct • Loud “African” drumming and singing • Maracatu in Carnival (1890s-) • Codified as AfricanCarnival Practice • Instrumentation, musical style, structure set

  20. Maracatu and Carnival • Linked to Candomblé houses • Conceptualized as African Nations • Codified in structure and musical style by about 1900

  21. Maracatu’s Royal Entourage • King/Queen • Prince/Princess • Duke/Dutchess • Damas do Paço (Palace Ladies) • Slaves • Caboclos (Indians) • Baianas (Female initiates of Candomblé) • Batuqueiros (Percussionists)

  22. King and Queen

  23. Dama do PaçoCalunga

  24. Batuqueiros Alfaia Gonguê

  25. Nação Porto RicoCarnival 2001 YouTube WebPage

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