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HEALTH CARE

HEALTH CARE. The Healthy Horse. Signs of Disease. T emp. - Pyrexia Anorexia Dehydration Behavior Change Tears Diarrhea, constipation. Signs of Disease. Floppy ears or lips, outstretched nose Dry coat Delay in change of coat Nasal discharge Cough Lameness Shaking or trembling

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HEALTH CARE

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  1. HEALTH CARE

  2. The Healthy Horse

  3. Signs of Disease • Temp. - Pyrexia • Anorexia • Dehydration • Behavior Change • Tears • Diarrhea, constipation

  4. Signs of Disease • Floppy ears or lips, outstretched nose • Dry coat • Delay in change of coat • Nasal discharge • Cough • Lameness • Shaking or trembling • Rolling or thrashing

  5. EQUINE EMERGENCIES • Acute Fever • Lacerations • Acute swelling of legs & body • Founder • Colic • Acute Eye

  6. COLICMOST COMMON SYMPTOMS • Lying down more than usual • Getting up & lying down repeatedly • Standing stretched out • Standing frequently as if to urinate • Turning the head towards the flank • Repeatedly curling lip • Pawing at ground • Kicking at abdomen • Rolling

  7. COLIC PREVENTION • TPR • What has his appetite been? • Consistency & frequency of defecation? • Water intake normal? • Gums normal color? • Access to any unusual feedstuffs? • Change in management? • 24-hr ACCESS TO WATER • MULTIPLE MEALS • REGULAR FEEDING SCHEDULE • ADAPT TO NEW DIETS, NEW ROUTINES • GOOD QUALITY ROUGHAGE • KEEP FEED, CHEMICALS LOCKED UP • EXERCISE PROGRAM

  8. COLIC PREVENTION • CHECK HORSES AT NIGHT • CRIBBING STRAP • TEETH CARE • DO NOT LET HORSES BOLT FEED • WORMING PROGRAM • DON’T WATER A HOT HORSE

  9. TETANUS(Lockjaw)

  10. TETANUS(Lock Jaw) • Muscle spasms • Sound & tactile stimuli • Lockjaw • Erect ears, flare nostrils • Salivation • Saw horse stance • Sweat • Recumbent • Death

  11. EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS(Sleeping Sickness)

  12. SYMPTOMS Pyrexia Anorexia Acute depression Demented-behavior changes Sleeping posture Crash through stall Blindness Circling Photophobia EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS(Sleeping Sickness)

  13. Influenza

  14. INFLUENZASYMPTOMS • Sudden • Cough up to 3 wks. • Pyrexia • Watery nasal discharge. • Depressed • Weakness, stiffness • Anorexia

  15. EQUINE VIRAL RHINOPHEUMONITIS

  16. EQUINE VIRAL RHINOPHEUMONITIS

  17. EQUINE VIRAL RHINOPHEUMONITIS Respiratory form (EHV-1 & 4) • Bilateral nasal discharge • Pyrexia • Swollen eyelids • Dry Cough • Anorexia • Constipation or diarrhea

  18. EQUINE VIRAL RHINOPHEUMONITIS EHV-1 • PREGNANT MARES • Asymptomatic • Abortion 4-5 mo later • Last trimester (7-11 mo) • FULL TERM FOALS • General weakness • Pneumonia • Death • Neurological • Incoordination • Lower leg swelling • Inability to pass urine or manure

  19. Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus • Ataxia or stumbling and incoordination • Depression or apprehension • Weakness of limbs, partial paralysis, or the inability to stand • Muscle twitching • Death

  20. STRANGLES(Distemper)

  21. STRANGLES(Distemper) • SYMPTOMS • Sudden onset • Fever 2-6 d after exposure • Swelling & abscess • Anorexic • Nasal discharge

  22. RABIES

  23. RABIES SYMPTOMS • Dysfunction of nerves & brain • Behavior changes • Salivate • Furious form • Dumb form • Paralytic form

  24. POTOMAC HORSE FEVER • Symptoms • Acute colitis • Depression • Diarrhea – perfuse, watery • Laminitis • Vaccinate

  25. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

  26. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) • Incubation period: 2 wks to 2 yrs • CSF tap

  27. EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA(Swamp Fever)

  28. EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA SYMPTOMS Acute – Die within 3 wks Chronic – Recurring • Intermittent fever • Blood colored spots on mucous membranes • Depression • Wt. loss • Edema • Anemia • Inapparent

  29. Disease Prevention • Vaccinate • TETANUS • Influenza • EEE, WEE • VEE? • EHV 1 & EHV 4 • West Niles • Potomac Horse Fever? • Strangles? • EPM?

  30. Disease Prevention • Equine Infectious Anemia • Coggins Test

  31. Some steps to reduce the risk of introducing infectious diseases: • Limit people's access to brood mare and foaling barn(s). • Separate breeding horses from others • Limit people's access to barns housing horses returning from major shows or events • Have a separate area for horses that are continually moving to and from the farm to shows, races and competitions.

  32. Some steps to reduce the risk of introducing infectious diseases: • Use new sterile needles and syringes for all medications. • Use separate halters and lead shanks for each horse or, at least, limit their use to one group of horses. • Keep horses coming to the farm for short periods of time separate from the resident horses

  33. PARASITES • Strongyles (bloodworms) • Ascarids (roundworms) • Bots • Pinworms • Strongyloides (threadworms

  34. Signs of Parasitism • Dull, rough haircoat • Lethargy • Wt. Loss • Coughing &/or nasal discharge • Tail rubbing • Colic • Summer sores

  35. ASCARIDS(Parascaris equorum)

  36. ASCARID • Small Intestine • Signs • Respiratory problems • Pot belly

  37. PINWORM (Oxyuris equi) • Large intestine • Adults: gut contents • Larvae: mucosa • Hair loss on base of tail

  38. LARGE STRONGYLE • Adults: cecum & large colon • Suck blood • Ulcers • Larvae: abdominal tissues & organs • Severe tissue damage

  39. LARGE STRONGYLE

  40. Large intestine – cecum & colon Irritate intestinal wall causing thickening & nodules Dark or black manure, soft feces with foul odor SMALL STRONGYLE

  41. BOTS(Gastrophilus intestinalis, G. nasalis, G. hemorrhoidalsis)

  42. BOTS • Stomach, gums • Inflammation, perforation of stomach wall, gum irritation

  43. STOMACH WORM(Habronema muscae, H. microstoma, Drashia megastoma) • Stomach, injured skin • Signs • Gastritis • Summer sores • Damage • Tumors of wall • Ulcers in skin

  44. TAPEWORM(Anoplocephala magna) • Small intestine, cecum • Ulceration of ileocecal valve, intestine inflammation

  45. Small intestine Mare’s milk Erosion of intestinal mucosa, inflammation of intestines Worms disappear by 6 months of age THREADWORM(Strongyloides westeri)

  46. MANAGEMENT FOR CONTROL OF INTERNAL PARASITES • Proper manure disposal • Pastures • Feed • Water

  47. MANAGEMENT FOR CONTROL OF INTERNAL PARASITES • Drug control • Rotational Dewormers • Optimum – Every 6-8 wks • 4X/year – Strongyles, ascarids, pinworms • 2X/year – Above + bots • Daily wormer

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