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Offsetting Renewable Energy Intermittency in Delaware through H 2 and V2G-based Energy Storage

Offsetting Renewable Energy Intermittency in Delaware through H 2 and V2G-based Energy Storage. February 9 th , 2009. Team BANANA Glenn Catlin, Dan Esposito, Colin Manasse , Tim Miller, Will Reid. Renewable vs. Fossil Fuel Electricity. The not-so-good news…. The good news……….

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Offsetting Renewable Energy Intermittency in Delaware through H 2 and V2G-based Energy Storage

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  1. Offsetting Renewable Energy Intermittency in Delaware through H2 and V2G-based Energy Storage February 9th, 2009 Team BANANA Glenn Catlin, Dan Esposito, Colin Manasse, Tim Miller, Will Reid

  2. Renewable vs. Fossil Fuel Electricity The not-so-good news…. The good news………. Data taken from: B.Sovacool. Energy Policy. 36 (2008)

  3. Renewable Intermittency: Giggity- Gigga-Watts Image modified from: http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/03-04/sustainable_cities/images/casestudy/wind%20output.gif

  4. A Solution: Energy Storage Conventional Electric Utility Set-up: On On/off Switch Off

  5. A Solution: Energy Storage Conventional Electric Utility Set-up: On On/off Switch Off Renewables-Based Electric Utility Set-up: Doesn’t come with an On/off switch.

  6. A Solution: Energy Storage Conventional Electric Utility Set-up: On On/off Switch Off Renewables-Based Electric Utility Set-up: Doesn’t come with an On/off switch.

  7. Effect of Storage: Load Leveling Jackpot! Constant electricity production from Renewables

  8. Our Assignment Make this happen in DE by 2019: Some Questions: How much can we get in DE? 20%? 40%? What if we use V2G instead of hydrogen? How much storage & at what cost to keep ?

  9. 2006 Delaware Energy Usage Delaware spends ~$1.3billion/yr for electricity http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/hf.jsp?incfile=sep_sum/plain_html/sum_btu_1.html

  10. 2006 Sankey Diagram for Delaware

  11. How much can we get in DE? Solar Wind Ocean

  12. How much can we get in DE? Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

  13. From Renewables to Storage Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage 50 kWh Li-ion battery banks in Electric Vehicles Battery-Based Energy Storage

  14. From Renewables to Storage Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Pipes

  15. Transmitting H2 In order to Transmit H2 from the southern part of the state to Wilmington ~ 100 miles of polymer lined fiber composite Hydrogen pipeline would be needed In order to have the ability to transmit a day’s worth of H2 through the pipeline ~ $1.7 million/mile worth of infrastructure costs. Still Cheaper than a 550 kV power line (by about $0.8 million/mile Storage & Fuel . Cell sites. H2 Pipeline Proposed H2 Generation

  16. 6 Scenarios for 2019 • Key Assumptions & Design Parameters • Energy demand growth 1%/yr • Keep average system capacity constant • Non-renewable CF= 90% during down times • Renewable CF=30%

  17. DE 2019 Sankey Diagram Scenario 2m

  18. Cost for each Scenario $1.3 billion

  19. Policy Recommendations Consumer Related Policies • Regressive state income tax rebate attached to V2G vehicles • Y1=25%; Y3=15%; Y7-12=5%/Y • Free parking, tolls, Net Metering components for V2G vehicles • Insurance policy subsidization • Projects >25kW (insurance requirement) • Progression of efficiency standards

  20. Policy Recommendations Utility Related Policies • Mandatory $0.01/kWh premium on fossil fuel based electricity for Green Fund contribution • Free permitting for renewable energy projects (new or upgrades) • Facilitation of ocean energy generation technologies: • -Mixed energy source utilization requirement for offshore renewable energy projects • Encourage development of complimentary efforts • Smart Grid, Conservation

  21. Conclusions • DE has tremendous renewable energy potential • Hydrogen and/or V2G are viable options to mitigate intermittent electricity generation. • 3. Energy storage can allow large (>20%) renewable electricity generation, but at a cost. • 4. Technology exists TODAY to do this. We suggest policies to make this happen NOW.

  22. Questions?

  23. Determining % of Cars as V2G

  24. Battery & H2 Storage Characteristics Energy Density & Power Efficiency Hydrogen 40 Ragone Plot Source: Hall & Bain. Energy Policy. 36 (2008)

  25. Effect on Overall Efficiency

  26. Current Delaware Energy Usage The Bottom Line: 1st Staters spend a total of $1.3 Billion/yr on Electricity a - kWh; b - kWh; c – c/kWh; d - in dollars; e – weighted total; http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/esr/table5.html

  27. So What Will it Cost us?

  28. Solar Potential in DE At 15 %efficiency; 27 square miles of properly1 placed tracking solar panels could produce the entire state’s electricity demand. 1.3 percent of States land area 100% of DE’s Rooftop could provide 22% of state’s electricity needs.2 1.Overview of Renewable Energy Resources in Delaware. Applied Energy Group. October 2002. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2367976/Overview-of-Renewable-Energy-Resources-in-Delaware 2.Kempton, Willet. Delaware’s Wind Potential. Environmental Footprint Workgroup 2008 http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/Admin/Documents/Kempton-EnvFootprintWorkgroup-July08.pdf. February 4, 2009

  29. Wind Potential Taking shipping lanes, Visual exclusions, and Bird flyways into consideration; Delaware has 54.3 TWh per year of Wind Potential (after taking 0.39 Capacity factor into account). This is ~ 7 X the proposed 8 TWh that would be needed to reach the amount of wind needed for the 40 % target 2

  30. Wave Energy Potential • 30 kW/m • 740 kWh rating • 35% capacity factor • 150 units • Lifetime of 20 years

  31. Storage by Hydrogen • 240 Gallons • 250 psi • $5000 • Lifetime of 15 years Manufacturer: Roy E. Hanson Jr. Mfg.

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